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Biochemistry - AP Biology Flashcards

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5477719000Amino Acid0
5477719001Amino Group1
5477719002Carbonyl Group2
5477719003Carboxyl Group (Carboxylic Acid Group)3
5477719004Steroid4
5477719005Covalent BondType of bond formed when atoms share electrons. This strong bond does not dissolve in water.5
5477719006Disaccharide6
5477719007Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)7
5477719008Polysaccharide8
5477719009Hydrogen BondWeak bond formed by electrostatic attraction between the partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and the partial negative charge on another atom.9
5477719010Hydroxyl Group10
5477719011Ionic BondVery strong bond formed by electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged atoms. Dissolves in water.11
5477719012MonosaccharideA carbohydrate containing a single sugar molecule.12
5477719013NucleotideThe monomer that forms nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Consists of a nitrogenous base linked to a sugar and a phosphate group.13
5477719014Phosphate Group14
5477719015Protein15
5477719016Sulfhydryl Group16
5477719017Triglyceride17
5477719018Van der Waals BondExtremely weak bond formed by transient electrostatic interactions between non-polar molecules.18
5477719019MonomerA subunit that links with others in a chain to form a larger molecule (polymer).19
5477719020PolymerA large molecule make up of many smaller molecules (monomers) linked together.20
5477719021Organic MoleculeA molecule found produced by living organisms containing carbon.21
5477719022LipidA hydrophobic compound containing C and H atoms. Examples include fats, oils, steroids, and waxes.22
5477719023CarbohydrateA hydrophilic compound containing 1 C: 2 H : 1 O. Examples include sugar, starch, glycogen, and cellulose.23
5477719024PhospholipidAn amphipathic molecule with a hydrophilic "head" and hydrophobic "tail." Forms cell membranes.24
5477719025AtomThe basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud.25
5477719026MoleculeA group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.26
5477719027ProtonA positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.27
5477719028NeutronAn uncharged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.28
5477719029ElectronA negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom.29
5477719030Valence ElectronThe electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds.30
5477719034ExergonicChemical reactions that release energy.31
5477719035EndergonicChemical reactions that absorb energy.32
5477719040Hydrophilic (Polar)Charged or partially charged molecules that are miscible or soluble in water. Name means "water loving."33
5477719041Hydrophobic (Non-polar)Molecules with no charge that are not miscible or soluble in water. Name means "water hating."34
5477719046Specific HeatThe amount of energy required to change the temperature of a material. Water has a high value.35
5477719047Surface TensionA force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid's surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size.36
5477719048ElectronegativeTends to attract electrons. Highest for elements in the upper right corner of the periodic table.37

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