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Biochemistry Flashcards

Sapling BIology Ch 2 - Chemistry of Life

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4817296283matteranything composed of atoms0
4817296284elementA collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons.1
4817296285compoundA substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds2
4817296286molecule2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds3
4817296287solidA state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume.4
4817296288liquidA state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.5
4817296289gasA state of matter with no definite shape or volume6
4817296290organic compoundCompounds that contain carbon (except: CO & CO2)7
4817296291hydrocarbonCompounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen8
4817296292polar moleculeMolecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges9
4817296293hydrogen bondBond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion of another molecule10
4817296294CohesionAttraction between molecules of the same substance11
4817296295AdhesionAn attraction between molecules of different substances12
4817296296macromoleculeA very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules13
4817296297polymerA long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds14
4817296298monomerA simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers15
4817296299carbohydratesComposed of CHO in 1:2:1 ratio. Main source of energy in your diet16
4817296300monosaccharideA single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.17
4817296302polysaccharideCarbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides18
4817296303disaccharide examplessucrose, maltose, lactose19
4817296304monosaccaride examplesglucose, fructose, galactose20
4817296305polysaccharide examplesstarch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin21
4817296306proteinAmino acids joined by peptide bonds which make up structures and carry out functions of an organism. CHONS22
4817296307amino acidBuilding blocks (monomers) of protein23
4817296308dipeptideA combination of two amino acids united by means of a peptide bond.24
4817296309polypeptideA polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.25
4817296310primary structure of proteinThe sequence of amino acids bonded with peptide bonds26
4817296311secondary stucture of proteinresults from hydrogen bonds developing between atoms at different parts of the chain causing helix or pleated sheet27
4817296312tertiary structure of proteinHow the chain folds into three dimensions - due to interactions between the R groups of distant amino acids - due to disulfide-bridges28
4817296313quarternary structure of proteinoverall protein structure, combining 2 or more polypeptides29
4817296314nucleic acidsC, H, O, N, P - contain genetic information30
4817296315nucleotideA monomer of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.31
4817296316nucleic acid polymersDNA & RNA32
4817296317LipidEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of CHO33
4817296318triglycerideA molecule made up of three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol; Does energy storage, thermal insulation, binds and cushions organs, fills space34
4817296319phospholipidA lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes35
4817296320fatty acid chainMake up saturated fat, carbon surrounded by hydrogens36
4817296321glycerolA three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.37
4817296322hydrophilic"water-loving"; pertaining to polar or charged molecules (or parts of molecules) that are soluble in water38
4817296323hydrophobic"Water-fearing"; pertaining to nonpolar molecules (or parts of molecules) that do not dissolve in water.39
4817296324chemical reactionA change in which one or more substances are converted into new substances40
4817296325reactantA starting material in a chemical reaction41
4817296326productAn ending material in a chemical reaction.42
4817296327dehydration synthesisA chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.43
4817296328hydrolysisBreaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water44
4817296329catalysta substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected45
4817296330enzymeA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing (a biological catalyst)46
4817296331activation energyEnergy needed to get a reaction started47
4817296332substrateA substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.48
4817296333active siteThe site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate49

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