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Biochemistry Flashcards

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5391865392hydrogen bondA strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules.0
5391871061carbohydrate"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)"1
5391874132lipidEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.2
5391880942ProteinA molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body.3
5391886319Nucleic acidA biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.4
5391891381monosaccharideA single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.5
5391893146disaccharideA double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.6
5391894969polysaccharideA polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis. Glycogen Cellulose Starch Chitin7
5391901482TriglycerideCirculate in the blood and are made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.8
5391907040phospholipidA molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a non-polar, hydrophobic tail.9
5391909255cholesterolA steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.10
5391916378Amino AcidBuilding blocks of protein The monomers joined to make proteins/polypeptides.11
5391924422DNAA complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.12
5391926293RNAA single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages13
5391930416Dehydration synthesisA chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.14
5391931819HydrolysisBreaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water15
5391934989Primary structuresequence of amino acids16
5391936492Secondary structureEither an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet. Created through hydrogen bonds17
5391939117Tertiary structureResults from interactions between side chains.18
5391943295Quarterary structurebonding between more than one amino acid chain19

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