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Biochemistry Flashcards

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3849283144OrganicContains carbon0
3849284152InorganicDoes not contain carbon1
3849286011Covalent BondSharing of electrons between two nonmetals2
3849288003Ionic BondOccurs between a metal and nonmetal when electrons are not shared3
3849294009Hydrogen BondPositive negative attraction between two polar molecules4
3849299609PolarMolecule that has a positive and negative charge5
3849301023NonpolarMolecule that has NO positive and negative charge6
3849303082AdhesionAttraction of water to another substance7
3849304459CohesionAttraction of water molecules8
3849307237High Specific HeatAllows it to mediate extreme temperatures9
3849318911HydrophobicWater fearing10
3849320013HydrophilicWater loving11
3849321304HydrocarbonMolecule consisting of hydrogen and carbon atoms12
3849324308Functional GroupCluster of atoms that makes a molecule hydrophilic13
3849327323MonomerIndividual repeating units14
3849328222PolymerMany monomers connected together15
3872158950Condensation ReactionMaking a polymer from monomer units16
3872179014Dehydration SynthesisProcess of joining two molecules (or compounds) together following the removal of water17
3872187919MonosaccharideA simple sugar, such as glucose or fructose18
3872195859DisaccharideAny of a class of sugars, such as maltose, lactose, and sucrose, having two linked monosaccharide units per molecule19
3872200930PolysaccharideA carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together in a condensation reaction.20
3872213352SucroseGlucose + Fructose (table sugar)21
3872215888MaltoseGlucose + Glucose22
3872217434LactoseGlucose + Galactose (milk sugar)23
3872220594StarchPolysaccharide found in plants; digestible by animals24
3872225380CellulosePolysaccharide found in plants; plant cell walls; not digestible by animals25
3872232790GlycogenPolysaccharide found in animals.26
3872246150ChitinPolysaccharide; exoskeleton of insects27
4981265007GlucoseMost common monosaccharide28
4981266724FructoseMonosaccharide found in fruit29
4981271274GalactoseMonosaccharide that is less sweet than glucose or fructose30
4981291283Fatty AcidMonomer unit of lipids31
4981294994Triglyceride3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule (how animals store fat)32
4981304373PhospholipidConsists of a polar head and two nonpolar tails (main component of cell membranes)33
4981331123CarboxylFunctional group in lipids (COOH)34
4981337842Saturated FatLipid found in animals with no double bonds (solid at room temp)35
4981343353Unsaturated FatLipid found in plants with double bonds and missing hydrogen atoms. (oil at room temp)36
4981356594WaxLong chain fatty acid with an alcohol attached to one end. (solid, high melting point, retards water)37
4981367565SteroidsLipid made of 4 fused carbon rings (ex: cholesterol)38
4983569245Amino AcidMonomer unit to a protein39
4983572995Peptide BondName of bond joining two amino acids40
4983578120PolypeptideChain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds41
4983582896EnzymeType of protein that speeds up chemical reactions42
4983676595DenaturedWhen a protein loses shape and/or function43
4983688524NucleotideMonomer unit to a Nucleic Acid44

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