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| 7156204805 | Biochemistry | The study of chemistry of living things | 0 | |
| 7156206040 | Macromolecules (large molecules) | polymers of smaller molecules | 1 | |
| 7156209539 | 4 major macromolecules groups in Biochemistry | Lipids, Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA), Proteins (amino acids), Carbohydrates (Glycans) | 2 | |
| 7156210151 | Lipid | Water insoluble compound usually composed of a long hydrocarbon chain attached to an ester or phosphate group | 3 | |
| 7156211580 | Lipids include: | Fats (animals), Oils( Plants), Phospholipids | 4 | |
| 7156212448 | Fatty acid | Carboxylic acid with a long hydrocarbon chain, can be unsaturated or saturated | 5 | |
| 7156213295 | Fats | In triglycerides obtained from animals, the fatty acids are mostly saturated and have few double bonds | 6 | |
| 7156215573 | A semisolid lipid-triglyceride obtained from an animal source is a | fat |  | 7 |
| 7156217446 | A liquid lipid obtained from a plant source is a | oil |  | 8 |
| 7156230279 | Soap | soup molecules hae a polar head and a long non polar tail | 9 | |
| 7156230697 | Soap molecules are able to dissolve | oil with the tail and the heads stick into water | 10 | |
| 7156231192 | Phospholipids | glyceride found in living cells and membranes | 11 | |
| 7156234035 | Function of lipids | Important component of cell membranes, energy storage and raw material to make other molecules | 12 | |
| 7156241790 | Nucleic Acids | Biochemical compounds found in every living cell | 13 | |
| 7156241982 | Nucleic acids contain | genetic information responsible for the reproduction of a species | 14 | |
| 7156242896 | Nucleotide | nucleic acid polymer composed of many repeating units known as | 15 | |
| 7156243385 | Deoxyribonucleic Acid | DNA | 16 | |
| 7156243678 | Ribonucleic Acid | RNA | 17 | |
| 7156253906 | Nucleic acids are linear | macromolecules made of nucleotides | 18 | |
| 7156254838 | A nucleotide contains | a sugar molecule attached to an organic nitrogen- containing molecule and a phosphate group | 19 | |
| 7156255293 | Phosphate linkages | attach units in a linearly | 20 | |
| 7156257776 | Nucleotides consist of three similar component molecules: | five carbon sugar, nitrogen containing base, molecule of phosphoric acid | 21 | |
| 7156259224 | DNA has | an H | 22 | |
| 7156259225 | RNA has | an OH | 23 | |
| 7156262662 | DNA contains | 4 bases, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine | 24 | |
| 7156263394 | RNA contains | Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil | 25 | |
| 7156264317 | In DNA, an adenine on one strand | ALWAYS hydrogen bonds with a thymine on the other | 26 | |
| 7156264585 | Cytosine ALWAYS | hydrogen bonds with guanine on the other strand | 27 | |
| 7156265315 | Dr Franklin in 1952 | Discovered the X shape | 28 | |
| 7156265317 | The double helix | discovered in 1953 | 29 | |
| 7156265922 | Polymerase chain reaction | PCR by Dr Mullis | 30 | |
| 7156265923 | Proteins | naturally occurring macromolecules composed of amino acids | 31 | |
| 7156266399 | An amino acid has both | an amine and a carboxylic acid functional group | 32 | |
| 7156266986 | Amino acids are linked together in sequence by amide bonds | Known as peptide linkages | 33 | |
| 7156267282 | An amino acid | has a amine (NH2) and a carboxyl (COOH) attached to a carbon atom with a side chain (r) attached to the alpha carbon | 34 | |
| 7156275697 | Polypeptides | in proteins, amino acids are linked together with peptide linkages or a peptide bond | 35 | |
| 7156276290 | In a dipeptide | two amino acid units are joined together by an amide bond | 36 | |
| 7156278632 | In a polypeptide | 100s of amino acids are linked together | 37 | |
| 7156279115 | Human insulin is composed of | 48 amino acids | 38 | |
| 7156281640 | Primary structure of protein | sequence of amino acids, the replacement of one amino acid can alter its biological activity | 39 | |
| 7156285118 | Secondary structure of proteins | when the peptide chain twists and bends, they acquire a secondary structure | 40 | |
| 7156287543 | a-helix (secondary structure) | analogous to that in a coiled telephone | 41 | |
| 7156289014 | pleated sheet (b-sheets) | the chains run antiparallel to each other like a folded piece of paper | 42 | |
| 7156293188 | Secondary structures in proteins | result of hydrogen bonds | 43 | |
| 7156294076 | Tertiary structure of protein | overall three-dimensional structure of a protein | 44 | |
| 7156296609 | the tertiary structure may be | long and extended or compact and folded | 45 | |
| 7156304285 | Enzyme | protein that acts as a biological catalyst | 46 | |
| 7156305392 | Enzymes are incredibly selective | for specific molecules | 47 | |
| 7156311242 | an enzyme can | speed up a biochemical reaction so that the rate is a million times faster than it would be in the absence of the enzyme | 48 | |
| 7156319090 | Many reactions | would be too slow to with out the enzyme to sustain life | 49 | |
| 7156319232 | Lock-and-key model | describes enzyme mechanisms | 50 | |
| 7156319553 | The key is the enzyme | The lock is the substrate | 51 | |
| 7156324968 | Active site | the location where the reaction occurs on the enzyme | 52 | |
| 7156325215 | substrate | molecule that reacts | 53 | |
| 7156326380 | The substrate binds to the active site on the enzyme | The enzyme releases two or more products | 54 | |
| 7156326824 | Once the reaction has occurred | the active site is free to bind to another substrate molecule and repeat | 55 | |
| 7156327238 | Ptyalin is in human saliva and | catalyzes the breaking down of starch molecules into sugar units | 56 | |
| 7156328395 | Carbohydrates | the word carbohydrate means hydrates of carbon and many are CH2O | 57 | |
| 7156330063 | Carbohydrates usually end in | ose | 58 | |
| 7156330064 | Carbohydrates typically have | an aldehyde or ketone functional group of several hydroxyl groups | 59 | |
| 7156330570 | Carbohydrate | either a simple sugar or complex structures composed of many simple sugars | 60 | |
| 7156331858 | Disaccharide | Two monosaccharide molecules joined together | 61 | |
| 7156332419 | In the formation of a disaccharide, two simple sugars split and are joined together by a special -O- bond | glycoside linkage | 62 | |
| 7156333469 | In a aqueous solution, | sugar molecules usually exist in ring structures | 63 | |
| 7156333978 | Glucose forms a | cyclic structure by joining a hydroxyl group to an aldehyde group (5 carbon, 1 O) | 64 | |
| 7156334474 | Polysaccharide | polymer of many monosaccharide linkages joined by glucose linkages | 65 | |
| 7156335790 | 3 different types of lipids | Fatty acids, Triglycerides, Steroids | 66 | |
| 7156336284 | Fatty acids | Long-chain carboxylic acids, typically containing 12-18 carbon atoms, typically insoluble in water | 67 | |
| 7156336842 | Waxes | are found in many plants and animals, esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols | 68 | |
| 7156337359 | Steroid compounds | have steroid nucleus, have four carbon rings fused together, lipids but do not contain fatty acids | 69 | |
| 7156338241 | Cholesterol | most important and abundant steroid compound in your body. | 70 | |
| 7156338978 | Steroid: Cholesterol | is a sterol because it contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group. has a methyl group, a double bond and a carbon side chain | 71 | |
| 7156339742 | Cholesterol is obtained from | eating meats, milk, and eggs, its also synthesized in the liver from fats, carbs and proteins NOT found in vegetables or plants | 72 | |
| 7156341578 | Protein structure consists of | Primary structure, secondary structure, helix, beta sheet, tertiary structure | 73 | |
| 7156342493 | Quaternary Structure:Hemoglobin | Quaternary structure of hemoglobin consists of four polypeptide subunits | 74 | |
| 7156343906 | A protein | composed of amino acids | 75 | |
| 7156343907 | A carbohydrate | composed of simple sugar molecules | 76 | |
| 7156344309 | A lipid | water-insoluble biological molecule | 77 | |
| 7156344667 | A nucleic acid | polymer composed of a sugar molecule a nitrogen base and a phosphoric acid | 78 |
