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| 6980348816 | isotopes | atoms of one element that vary only in the number of neutrons in the nucleus | 0 | |
| 6980351541 | radioisotopes | radioactive isotopes | 1 | |
| 6980352619 | half-life | the rate at which radioisotopes decay | 2 | |
| 6980360088 | ionic bonds | bonds which form when electrons are transferred | 3 | |
| 6980361611 | anion | an atom that gains electrons | 4 | |
| 6980362305 | cation | an atom that loses an electron | 5 | |
| 6980362979 | covalent bonds | bonds which form when atoms share electrons | 6 | |
| 6980364523 | molecule | the resulting structure of a covalent bond | 7 | |
| 6980365877 | intermolecular attractions | attractions between molecules | 8 | |
| 6980374294 | polar molecule | an unbalanced molecule | 9 | |
| 6980375011 | non-polar molecule | a balanced molecule | 10 | |
| 6980378120 | hydrogen bonding | keeps the two strands of DNA bonded together forming a double helix, and causes water molecules to stick together and is responsible for many special characteristics about water | 11 | |
| 6980382057 | hydrophobic | "water hating" | 12 | |
| 6980382832 | hydrophilic | "water loving" | 13 | |
| 6980385967 | characteristics of water | - water has a high specific heat - water has a high heat of vaporization - water has high adhesion properties - water is the universal solvent - water exhibits strong cohesion tension - ice floats because it is less dense than water | 14 | |
| 6980392098 | transpirational-pull cohesion tension | the way in which water moves from the roots to the leaves of the tree without the expenditure of energy | 15 | |
| 6980402129 | pH | a measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution | 16 | |
| 6980406809 | pH scale | measures pH- 1 is most acidic and 14 is most basic. 7 is neutral. Acidity decreases with each pH number --> pH2 is 10x more acidic than pH3 | 17 | |
| 6980415856 | buffers | substances that resist change in pH | 18 | |
| 6980416535 | bicarbonate ion | the most important buffer in human blood | 19 | |
| 6980421625 | four classes of organic compounds | carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids | 20 | |
| 6980428055 | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen | elements carbohydrates consist of | 21 | |
| 6980430385 | characteristics of carbohydrates | - quick energy - one gram of energy will release four calories of heat when burned - dietary sources include rice, pasta, bread, and cookies | 22 | |
| 6980438564 | three classes of carbohydrates | monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides | 23 | |
| 6980441146 | isomers | compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structures | 24 | |
| 6980444092 | dehydration synthesis | the process by which two monosaccharides join to make a disaccharide --> by-product is water | 25 | |
| 6980465532 | hydrolysis | the breakdown of a compound with the addition of water --> opposite of dehydration synthesis | 26 | |
| 6980473910 | polysaccharides | polymers of carbohydrates | 27 | |
| 6980481677 | lipids | a diverse class of organic compounds that include fats, oils, and waxes |  | 28 |
| 6980483495 | glycerol | an alcohol that looks like this |  | 29 |
| 6980492852 | lipid functions | - energy storage - structural - endocrine | 30 | |
| 6980496425 | proteins | polymers or polypeptides consisting of repeating units called amino acids joined by peptide bonds | 31 | |
| 6980510078 | dipeptide | two amino acids combined | 32 | |
| 6980511410 | primary structure | results from the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein chain | 33 | |
| 6980512315 | secondary structure | results from the hydrogen bonding within the molecule | 34 | |
| 6980518210 | tertiary structure | the intricate conformation of a protein and most directly determines the way it functions and its specificity | 35 | |
| 6980525497 | conformation | three-dimensional shape | 36 | |
| 6980527115 | denature | to lose its natural shape (of a protein) | 37 | |
| 6980529141 | quaternary structure | proteins that consist of more than one polypeptide chain | 38 | |
| 6980531536 | induced-fit model | describes how enzymes work | 39 | |
| 6980532147 | substrate | the chemical that an enzyme works on | 40 | |
| 6980533973 | energy of activation | energy required to begin the process of the reaction | 41 | |
| 6980535845 | cofactors/coenzymes | proteins which help enzymes | 42 | |
| 6980542586 | prions | infections proteins which cause several brain diseases including mad cow disease | 43 | |
| 6980545192 | nucleic acids | polymers of nucleotides | 44 |
