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| 7814733238 | Carbohydrates | Structure: carbon hydrogen and oxygen rule: always exactly twice as many atoms of H as atoms of O' Size: can be small molecules (simple sugars) can also be large molecules (complex carbohydrates) 3 types: Building block of_______ monosaccharides Glucose fructose galactose Anything that ends with the letters -ose | 0 | |
| 7814962664 | Structure of a carbohydrate | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen | 1 | |
| 7814982286 | rule of the carbohydrate | always exactly twice as many atoms of H as atoms of O' | 2 | |
| 7814987532 | Size of the carbohydrate | can be small molecules (simple sugars) can also be large molecules (complex carbohydrates) | 3 | |
| 7814827582 | Monosaccharides | -Smallest carbohydrate (one sugar) also called simple sugar Glucose (blood sugar) fructose (fruits) galactose (dairy milk) -sames molecular formula shared between them but different structural formula -Building blocks | 4 | |
| 7814932065 | Isomers | same molecular formula different structural formula | 5 | |
| 7815000949 | Disaccharides | made up of 2 monosaccharides bonded together Function: some provide a source of quick energy Examples -Maltose -sucrose -lactose Molecular formula C12H22O11 have twice as many H's as O's | 6 | |
| 7815139810 | Maltose | 2 molecules of glucose malt sugar | 7 | |
| 7815147892 | sucrose | glucose and fructose table sugar | 8 | |
| 7815153371 | lactose | glucose and galactose milk sugar | 9 | |
| 7815061280 | Polysaccharides | made up of many monosaccharides bonded together also called complex carbohydrates Examples (both made only of glucose) -Starch: used as food storage molecule in plants, long lasting energy in humans -cellulose: forms cell wall of plants source of fiber which acids in digestion in humans (only one that does not give us energy) Prevents constipation | 10 | |
| 7815189055 | starch | used as food storage molecule in plants, long lasting energy in humans | 11 | |
| 7815192393 | cellulose | forms cell wall of plants source of fiber which acids in digestion in humans (only one that does not give us energy) Prevents constipation | 12 | |
| 7815198467 | condensation reaction dehydration synthesis | two or more organic molecules join to form a more complex molecule with water as one of the products | 13 | |
| 7815270690 | Proteins | structure: made of 5 elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur -size proteins are large molecules -building blocks: proteins are composed of amino acids | 14 | |
| 7815350558 | Building Blocks | proteins are composed of amino acids | 15 | |
| 7815326028 | size of a protein | are large molecules | 16 | |
| 7815285779 | structure of a protein | structure: made of 5 elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur | 17 | |
| 7815360195 | amino acids | building block of proteins 22 different types can form many different types of proteins two types -10 are essential -12 are non-essential difference between the two essential are the amino acids we get from our food because our body does not make them (need them from diet) non-essentail our body produces so we don't need them from our diet | 18 | |
| 7815448178 | essential | 10 are essential difference between the two essential are the amino acids we get from our food because our body does not make them (need them from diet) | 19 | |
| 7815472517 | Non-essential | 12 are essential non-essential our body produces so we don't need them from our diet | 20 | |
| 7815517633 | peptide bond | the bond formed between amino acids | 21 | |
| 7815533871 | dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction | when amino acid bond and peptide bonds form water is given off in the process | 22 | |
| 7815542447 | polypeptide bond | a chain of amino acids proteins are made of one or more of these chains | 23 | |
| 7815566091 | shape | the order of amino acids determines the type of protein, the shape of the protein and the function -changing the order of amino acids in the protein changes the type of proteins that is made | 24 | |
| 7815591314 | Disulfide Bonds | hold the shape folded of the amino acids together to make a protein | 25 | |
| 7815626474 | Function of Proteins | known as the building blocks of life are involved in most of the activities in the body and serve as many vital functions -function of structural proteins to build tissues and organs | 26 | |
| 7815693250 | Enzymes | are chemical tolls used to speed up chemical reactions (breaking things down) when it becomes to hot enzymes begin to brake down speed up chemical reactions -enzyme names ends in the letter "ase" -enzymes are complex organic proteins used to speed up chemical reactions -some enzymes put molecules together, others break apart -enzymes vary in shape the shape of an enzyme determines the substance (substrate) it will react with | 27 | |
| 7816032946 | enzymes | can only react with one specific type of sub-strait, the shape of the enzyme and the shape of the sub-strait must fit together for a reaction to occur | 28 | |
| 7816065199 | Lock and key model | keys can open only certain locks enzymes can only react with certain enzymes to carry out a reaction the enzymes and sub strait must join at the active site( spot on the enzymes where the reaction occurs) | 29 | |
| 7816115954 | substrate | the reactant in an enzyme catalyzed reaction | 30 | |
| 7816182236 | active site | reaction between enzymes and substrate | 31 | |
| 7815756297 | Denaturation | chemical proteins become less stable molecules meaning their structure can be changed (broken apart) due to exposure to high temperatures | 32 | |
| 7816233420 | catalase | enzyme dis the enzyme that brakes down hydrogen peroxide is found in all living cells is produced in the liver | 33 | |
| 7816294359 | Hydrogen Peroxide | H2O2 is a toxic by product of living cells, if its not eliminated from your cells they will die | 34 | |
| 7816309998 | catalysts | some simple inorganic molecules can speed up reactions | 35 | |
| 7816341079 | manganese dioxide | MnO2 is a catalyst then can be broken down hydrogen peroxide | 36 | |
| 7816386368 | Enzymes and Catalysts | -All enzymes are catalysts but not all catalysts are enzymes -enzymes are complex molecules catalysts are simple molecules -enzymes are organic molecules (carbon and hydrogen) catalysts are inorganic molecules | 37 | |
| 7816450402 | lipids are made of | hydrogen carbon oxygen | 38 | |
| 7816433617 | lipids | -fats and oils -fats are solid, oils are liquid at room temperature have less oxygen then carbohydrates | 39 | |
| 7816490804 | molecular formula of lipids | # of oxygen is less than half of the # of hydrogen | 40 | |
| 7816517588 | Building blocks | Glycerol Fatty acid | 41 | |
| 7816524063 | Glycerol | the backbone of all lipid molecules remains unchanged | 42 | |
| 7816534021 | fatty acids | three fatty acids are bonded to each glycerol model in most lipids saturated unsaturated | 43 | |
| 7816555855 | saturated | fatty acids with carbon filled with hydrogen and only single bonds between carbon atoms | 44 | |
| 7816562051 | unsaturated | fatty acids with carbon atoms not filled with hydrogen and some double bonds between carbon atoms | 45 | |
| 7816583999 | dehydration synthesis | when glycerol and fatty acids bond to form a lipid, water molecules are given off as a by product | 46 | |
| 7816607186 | carboxly group |  | 47 | |
| 7816628369 | function of lipids | -used as stored source of energy in the body -protects some organs kidneys -helps to keep us warm (insulation) -used to build cell membranes | 48 | |
| 7816658593 | Nucleic Acids structure | made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitgrogen, and phosphorus | 49 | |
| 7816678390 | Nucleic Acids building blocks | nucleotide each made of a sugar a phosphate group and a base | 50 | |
| 7816689427 | Nucleotide structural formula | when nucleotide bond together the sugar of one nucleotide bonds to the phosphate group of the adjacent nucleotide | 51 | |
| 7816736944 | condensation reaction | when sugar phosphate bonds form, water molecules are given off during the process | 52 | |
| 7816748880 | Nucleic acid function | large molecules made up of nucleotide used to store genetic information (DNA-controls what we look like) smaller molecules used to make proteins (RNA) | 53 |
