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| 7979076890 | biological molecules are composed of what element | carbon atoms bonded to other carbon atoms | 0 | |
| 7979090741 | what other elements are found in biological molecules | oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen | 1 | |
| 7979113667 | what type of bond does carbon form | covalent | 2 | |
| 7979119529 | how many bonds does carbon form | 4 | 3 | |
| 7979148028 | hydrocarbons | molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen -store energy, make good fuels ex: gasoline *nonpolar*-electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen are very similar |  | 4 |
| 7979191453 | nonpolar | atoms have similar electronegative |  | 5 |
| 7979198722 | polar | very different electronegativities |  | 6 |
| 7979304173 | functional groups | specific molecular groups | 7 | |
| 7979314088 | hydroxyl | hydrophilic: polar b/c of electronegativity of oxygen -found in alcohols |  | 8 |
| 7979697371 | carbonyl | -hydrophilic; b/c of electronegativity of O2 -found in aldehydes or ketones |  | 9 |
| 7979720276 | carboxyl | -hydrophilic; acidic due to release of H+ -found in carboxylic acids |  | 10 |
| 7979737423 | amino | -hydrophilic; basic b/c NH2 picks up H+ -found in amines |  | 11 |
| 7979749004 | sulfhydryl | -hydrophilic -found in thiols -help stabilize the structure of proteins |  | 12 |
| 7979801364 | phosphate | -hydrophilic -transfers energy b/t organic molecules -found in organic phosphates |  | 13 |
| 7979808018 | isomers | organic molecules with same molecular formula but exist in different forms |  | 14 |
| 7979822895 | chiral molecules | when carbon is bound to 4 different groups -mirror images of eachother |  | 15 |
| 7979834107 | monomer | small similar chemical subunits that are joined to form polymers -joined by dehydration synthesis |  | 16 |
| 7979839232 | polymer | made up of monomers |  | 17 |
| 7979908592 | dehydration synthesis | -OH group is removed from one monomer and a Hydrogen (H) is removed from another forming a water molecule *used to join monomers* |  | 18 |
| 7979930379 | hydrolysis | H2 atom is attached to one subunit and a hydroxyl group to the other- breaking covalent bond -water molecule is removed *used to disassemble polymers* |  | 19 |
| 7979990337 | carbohydrates | molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and o2 -1:2:1 ratio -stores energy | 20 | |
| 7980008694 | monomer of carbs | monosaccharides (simple sugar) |  | 21 |
| 7980024814 | triose | 3 carbons | 22 | |
| 7980024815 | pentose | 5 carbons | 23 | |
| 7980028104 | hexose | 6 carbons | 24 | |
| 7980030927 | disaccharide | 2 monosaccharides |  | 25 |
| 7980037692 | polysaccharide | longer polymer of monosaccharides |  | 26 |
| 7980053718 | glycosidic bond | joins a carbohydrate to another molecule |  | 27 |
| 7980067586 | sugar monomer for starch, glycogen, cellulose, & chitin | glucose | 28 | |
| 7980073193 | starch | -plants function: storage |  | 29 |
| 7980080348 | glycogen | -animals function: storage | 30 | |
| 7980087934 | cellulose | -plants function: structural material for cell walls | 31 | |
| 7980091735 | chitin | -arthropods and fungi function: structural material | 32 | |
| 7980122005 | nucleic acids | store and transmit genetic info |  | 33 |
| 7980139454 | monomer of nucleic acids | nucleotide |  | 34 |
| 7980150130 | bond b/t nucleotide | phosphodiester bond |  | 35 |
| 7980172503 | phosphodiester bond formation | -dehydration reaction -hydrogen from a phosphate attached to the 5' carbon combines with a hydroxyl group attached to a 3' carbon -water molecule is removed | 36 | |
| 7980232625 | purines | 2 carbon rings |  | 37 |
| 7980236936 | pyrimidines | 1 carbon ring |  | 38 |
| 7980264853 | DNA | -double helix -two chains in spiral shape backbone: alternating sugar and phosphate molecule bases -rung of ladder joined w/ hydrogen bones | 39 | |
| 7980279577 | dna | -deoxyribose sugar -double stranded -thymine base |  | 40 |
| 7980286570 | rna | -single stranded -ribose sugar -uracil base |  | 41 |
| 7980298830 | DNA and RNA | -nucleic acids -nucleotide monomer -A G C |  | 42 |
| 7980315292 | adenine is used where else | ATP | 43 | |
| 7980315293 | protein function | enzyme catalysis, defense, transport, support, motion, regulation, storage | 44 | |
| 7980324061 | monomer of protein | amino acid |  | 45 |
| 7980329049 | polypeptide formation | -dehydration synthesis -OH is removed from one amino acid and a Hydrogen is removed from another -molecule of water is removed | 46 | |
| 7980340995 | lipids | -hydrophobic: insoluble in water -large portion of nonpolar carbon-hydrogen chains -can't fold up to move nonpolar areas away from water |  | 47 |
| 7980377409 | triglycerides | -glycerol and 3 fatty acids each fatty acid has long hydrocarbon chain w/ carboxylic acid at one end -dehydration synthesis removes 3 -OH groups from glycerol molecule and H from each fatty acid= 3 H2o molecules & triglyceride produced |  | 48 |
| 7980415414 | bond b/t glycerol and fatty acid | ester bond |  | 49 |
| 7980430246 | trans fat | unsaturated fat in which H atom after double bond is on opposite side of the H before the double bond |  | 50 |
| 7980452104 | phospholipid | -no 3rd fatty acid -has phosphate group(attached to charged organic molecule) -3 carbons, 3 hydroxy, 2 fatty acids *make up cell membrane* |  | 51 |
| 7980505734 | phospholipid in lipid bilayer | -head is polar: oriented toward extracellular and intracellular water -tails are nonpolar: congregate together away from water |  | 52 |
