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Biochemistry Flashcards

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5035247509Molecules composed of thousands of atoms: the four main classes being carbohydrates, lipids, prteins, and nucleic acidsMacromolecules0
5035247510Chainlike molecules consisting of monomersPolymer1
5035247511Make up polymersMonomer2
5035247512Removing water to bond monomers together to create a polymerDehydration Synthesis3
5035247513Adding water to break polymers apart to create monomersHydrolysis4
5035247514A macromolecule made up of C, H and O, with a 2:1 ratio between the hydrogen and oxygen.Carbohydrates5
5035247515Simple sugars with 1 ring: Provides immediate energy, classified by the amount of carbons. Ex. glucose, fructose, galactoseMonosaccharides6
5035247516Double sugars with 2 rings, ex. sucroseDisaccharides7
5035247517Polymers, with many rings. Acts as an energy storage macromolecule, building materials for cells or whole organisms. ex, glycogen, starch and cellulosePolysaccharides8
5035247518glucose, fructose, galactoseExamples of monosaccharides9
5035247519SucroseExamples of disacharrides10
5035247520Macromolecule that dislikes water (hydrophobic), examples fats, oils and waxesLipids11
5035247521Hydrocarbon chain found in LipidsGlycerol12
5035247522Part of a lipid attached to glycerolFatty Acid13
5035247523Fatty acids with single bonds. Solid at room temperature.Saturated fatty acids14
5035247524Fatty acids with double and single bonds. Liquid at room temperature.Unsaturated fatty acids15
5035247525A type of lipid used as signals in the cells. ex., cholesterolSteroid16
5035247526Built up of 20 types of amino acids, which can unravel or denature in response to changes in pH, salt concentration, and temperature because they disrupt the bonds between parts of the proteinProteins17
5035247527monomer for building proteins, bonded by peptide bondsAmino acid18
5035247528proteins that speed up the rate of reactions, but are not consumed by the reaction. Lowers the activation energy of a reaction, and makes it easier to perform these reactions.Enzymes19
5035247529A reactant that binds to an enzymeSubstrate20
5035247530A pocket/groove on the surface of a protein on the surface of the protein into which the substrate fits. The substrate is held to this area through weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or Van der Waals.Active Site21
5035247531amount of energy needed to get a reaction going, enzymes lower the activation energyActivation Energy22
5035247532An organic compound made up of a pentose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base. Ex. DNA and RNANucleic Acids23
5035247533The building blocks of nucleic acidsNucleotide24
5035247534nucleic acid25
5035247535protein26
5035247536carbohydrate27
5035247537lipid28
5035247538What element can bond with up to 4 other elements?Carbon29
5035247539What 3 factors affect the rate of a reaction involving an enzyme?Temperature, pH and concentration of enzyme30
5035247540Role of lipidslong term energy storage31
5035247541What can be found in the nucleus of an atom?protons and neutrons32

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