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| 9077729145 | Carbon compounds | contain carbon, make up living things Can form 4 bonds Bonds can be with other elements or carbon Can be lots of shapes and sizes | 0 | |
| 9077729146 | Functional groups | Special groups of atoms that usually participate in reactions Give different compounds different properties All functional groups important to life are polar |  | 1 |
| 9077729147 | Hydrophilic | Water loving | 2 | |
| 9077729148 | Hydrophobic | Water hating |  | 3 |
| 9077729149 | Macromolecules | Gigantic molecules, thousands of atoms | 4 | |
| 9077729150 | 4 Types of Macromolecules | Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids | 5 | |
| 9077729151 | Monomers | Individual building blocks of polymers | 6 | |
| 9077729152 | Polymers | Chains of identical or similar molecules | 7 | |
| 9077729153 | Carbohydrates | Main source of energy for cellular work | 8 | |
| 9077729154 | Organic | Mostly carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) | 9 | |
| 9077729155 | Inorganic | Other elements, little or no C | 10 | |
| 9077729156 | Dehydration Synthesis | Added monomers lose H or OH Release water Bond at oxygen - forms a bridge Polymer formed Building polymers/monomers together |  | 11 |
| 9077729157 | Hydrolysis Reaction | Water added to break bonds in polymers Reverse of dehydration synthesis Breaking polymers apart |  | 12 |
| 9077729158 | 4 Characteristics of Carbohydrates | Made up of rings (or ring looking structure) Made up of ration CH2O End in "ose" OH (hydroxyl group) | 13 | |
| 9077729159 | Monosaccharide | monomer Simple sugar |  | 14 |
| 9077729160 | Disaccharide | 2 monosaccharides bonded Double sugar |  | 15 |
| 9077729161 | Polysaccharide | 3 or more monosaccharides bonded Complex carb |  | 16 |
| 9077729162 | Function of Carbs | Short term energy Storage: polysaccharides | 17 | |
| 9077729163 | Glycogen | How animals store excess sugar Mostly stored in liver and muscle cells When your glucose levels are low, broken down |  | 18 |
| 9077729164 | Starch | How plants store extra sugar Humans and other animals can break down Examples: potatoes, plantains, rice | 19 | |
| 9077729165 | Cellulose | Structural Make plants rigid Cell walls Can't be broken down by humans and animals Examples: corn, legumes, lettuce |  | 20 |
| 9077729166 | Lipids | Made mostly of C and H, some O and P Mostly nonpolar Hydrophobic Common lipids: fat, oils, waxes |  | 21 |
| 9077729167 | Main Function of Lipids | Energy storage (long term) | 22 | |
| 9077729168 | Additional functions of lipids | Cushioning and insulation | 23 | |
| 9077729169 | Monomers that make up lipids | Glycerol and fatty acids | 24 | |
| 9077729170 | Saturated Fat | No double bonds in the fatty acid Solid at room temperature SATURATED with hydrogens |  | 25 |
| 9077729171 | Unsaturated Fat | Double bonds in the fatty acid Liquid at room temperature |  | 26 |
| 9077729172 | Trans Fat | Really bad for you - causing cancer, diabetes, obesity, other health concerns |  | 27 |
| 9077729173 | Phospholipids | Glycerol with only two fatty acids Major component of CELL MEMBRANES Form a double layer in water | | 28 |
| 9077729174 | Waxes | Protective coat for fruits and animals |  | 29 |
| 9077729175 | Hormones | Steroids | 30 | |
| 9077729176 | Proteins (Function) | Structure, storage, defense, transport, and speeding up reactions Found in hair, muscles, feathers Common foods: meat, eggs, nuts | 31 | |
| 9077729177 | Proteins (Structure) | Monomers: amino acids Amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen and R group Only 20 different R genes Polymers: polypeptides STRUCTURE = FUNCTION | 32 | |
| 9077729178 | Protein Synthesis | Link between the C and the N: peptide bond 2 amino acids joined = dipeptide bond |  | 33 |
| 9077729179 | Primary Protein Structure | Chain of amino acids |  | 34 |
| 9077729180 | Denaturation | Unravel/altar structure of a protein DESTROY | 35 | |
| 9077729181 | Secondary Protein Structure | Folding/coiling pattern |  | 36 |
| 9077729182 | Tertiary Structure | Overall 3D shape |  | 37 |
| 9077729183 | Quaternary Structure | Multiple polypeptide chains twisted together |  | 38 |
| 9077729184 | Nucleic Acids Function | Store and transmit genetic information Heredity/genetics | 39 | |
| 9077729185 | Nucleic Acid monomers | Nucleotides |  | 40 |
| 9077729186 | Two types of nucleic acids | DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA - Ribonucleic Acid |  | 41 |
| 9077729187 | Nucleic Acid Structure | Made of C, H, O, N and P 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base |  | 42 |
