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Biochemistry Flashcards

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7467716798carbohydrate"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)0
7467716799pH scalea measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral.1
7467716800compoundA pure substance made of two or more elements CHEMICALLY combined.2
7467716801moleculeA neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds; smallest unit of a compound joined together3
7467716802cellBasic unit of life4
7467716803elementA pure substance made of only one kind of atom5
7467716804organicCarbon-containing6
7467716805inorganicDoes not contain carbon; Not formed from living things or the remains of living things7
7467716806proteinA macromolecule that contains the principal components of organisms; performs a variety of structural and regulatory functions for cells.8
7467716807energy storagewhat carbohydrates and lipids do9
7467716808active siteRegion of an enzyme into which a particular substrate fits.10
7467716809activation energythe minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction11
7467716810saturated fatA lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms; A fat that is solid at room temperature12
7467716811unsaturated fatA lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms; A fat that is liquid at room temperature13
7467716812fatty acidBuilding Blocks of Lipids; produced when fats are digested; simple forms of fat that supply energy fuel for most of the body's cells;14
7467716813polar moleculeMolecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end15
7467716814macromoleculeA very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules; a molecule containing a very large number of atoms.16
7467716815catalysta substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected17
7467716816enzymeA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing;(lock)18
7467716817substrateA specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme;(key)19
7467716818polymerA long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together (many)20
7467716819monomersmall chemical unit that makes up a polymer (one)21
7467716820polysaccharideA polymer of thousands of simple sugars; Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides (many)22
7467716821disaccharideA double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together.23
7467716822monosacchridesingle sugar molecule24
7467716823fructoseA monosaccharide found mostly in fruit and honey25
7467716824celluloseA large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked that provide structural support in plant cell walls.26
7467716825lipidEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes.27
7467716826nucleotideA building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.28
7467716827amino acidBuilding blocks of protein29
7467716828nucleic acidcomposed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells30
7467716829peptideThe chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid31
7467716830triglycerideComposed of three molecules of fatty acids joined to one molecule of glycerol32
7467716831glycerolA three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are bonded together to make fats and oils.33
7467716832maltosea 12-carbon sugar that is formed by the union of two glucose units (a disaccharide)34
7467716833enzyme activitythe ability of an enzyme to do work and is mainly dependent on substrate concentration35
7467716834enzyme substrate complexA temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s).36

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