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Biochemistry Flashcards

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7346278242PrimaryAmino acid sequence0
7346278243Secondaryalpha helix, beta sheets, etc1
7346278844Tertiaryglobular, barrel, etc2
7346279242Quaternarymultiple units of peptides forming one protein3
7346280121degeneracythe amino acid sequence of a protein can change from species to species and still function in the same way4
7346281333Active site residues, contact sites to other proteinscertain areas of primary structure must remain the same5
7346282579secondary structure of proteinsthe delocalization of electrons along the peptide bond locks the O-C(alpha)-N bonds into a planar relationship -the planar nature of the peptide bond confers limits to protein folding6
7346292022Two of 3 bondshow many bonds in an amino acid can rotate (2 Degrees of freedom) ?7
73462961041. nucleation 2. Growth and coalescence to form regular secondary structure 3. readjustment for maximum overall stability 4. Quaternary associationSteps of protein Folding8
7346297131H-bonds between strandsB-sheets confer a great deal of strength due to9
7346300372-Antiparallel alpha helix -Parallel beta sheet with parallel alpha helices -antiparallel beta sheet -parallel beta sheetbroad categories of tertiary protein structure10
7346301420Globular protein Structuresurface alpha helices can be amphipathic: one side polar, the other nonpolar, aids in packing11
7346302186TrueTrue or False beta sheets can be amphipathic too12
7346302698enzymeamylase13
7346304550enzymeglutamine synthetase14
7346304929regulatory proteininsulin15
7346304930transport proteinhemoglobin16
7346305251transport proteinHDL,LDL17
7346305380transport proteinGlucose transporter18
7346305894storage proteinovalbumin19
7346306528storage proteincasein20
7346306685contractile and motile proteinactin21
7346306970contractile and motile proteinMyosin22
7346307251contractile and motile proteinTubulin23
7346307444Structural proteincollagen24
7346307617protective proteinimmunoglobulin25
7346308006protective proteinThrombin26
7346309026protective proteinFibrinogen27
7346309268protective proteinFibrin28
7346311109Conjugated proteinscontain chemical groups other than amino acids29
7346311797conjugated proteinhemoproteins30
7346312031conjugated proteinGlycoproteins31
7346312032conjugated proteinLipoproteins32
7346312220conjugated proteinNucleoproteins33
7346312326conjugated proteinPhosphoproteins34
7346312477conjugated proteinMetalloproteins35
7346312478conjugated proteinFlavoproteins36
7346312900Alzheimer's DiseaseMisfolded b-amyloid peptides form neuritic plaques37
7346313560Cancerp53 (the guardian of the genome) activates DNA repair proteins. Some mutations of p53 result in its misfolding and consequent degradation38
7346313719Creutzfeldt-Jacob DiseaseA normal (water soluble) cellular protein, PrPc is converted to a variant form, PrPSc a prion capable of aggregation due to greater hydrophobicity, forms amyloid plaques in affected cells, causing cell death39
7346313856Cystic Fibrosismisfolding of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) due to single amino acid change. CFTR never makes it to the cell membrane to conduct chloride.40
7346315428Transcriptionfrom one type of nucleic acid to other41
7346315601Translationfrom nucleic acid to protein42
7346316524??What two bonds in an amino acid can rotate ?43
7346329125sugar moleculescarbohydrates are made out of44
7346329650glycoconjugatesgycolipids and glycoproteins45
7346331323glycolipidscarbs linked to lipids form a major component of biological membranes46
7346331997glycoproteinslinked to proteins, important for cell signaling and recognition47
7346332991monosaccharideone molecule, like glucose48
7346335364arabinosepectin49
7346335365xyloseembryo of edible plants50
7346335559alloseisolated from the leaves of the african shrub51
7346335793protearubropilosa52
7346335944altroseunnatural53
7346335945mannoseD-mannose, which appears in some fruits including cranberry, may help prevent the adhesion of bacteria to tissues of the urinary tract and bladder54
7346340775guloseunnatural55
7346341091idosenot found in nature, uronic acid56
7346343510iduronic acidcomponent of dermatan sulfate and heparin sulfate which are glycosaminglycans57
7346344037taloseunnatural58
7346344745different chemical identitiesthe classification of carbohydrates is based on..59
7346347535glucose,galactose,ribose,fructosecommon monosaccharides60
7346347834glucosealdohexose: aldehyde-containing 6-carbon sugar61
7346348479galactosealdohexose: aldehyde- containing 6 carbon sugar62
7346352129ribosealdopentose: aldehyde containing 5-carbon sugar63
7346352340Fructoseketohexose: ketone-containing 6-carbon sugar64
7346355708levorotarywhat enantiomer predominates for amino acids65
7346357837dextrorotarywhat enantiomer predominates for sugars66
7346359318intramolecular reaction where the carbon 5 attacks to carbonylhow do sugar molecules convert from linear to cyclic forms67
7346360101anomeric carbonisomer where the difference is only the orentation of one hydroxyl are called anomers, and the carbonyl carbon is called the...68
7346363339sugar alcoholssorbitol and mannitol69
7346364042laxativessugar alcohols (sorbitol and mannitol) also act as70
7346366560amino sugarsmonosaccharides that have amine groups attached71
7346367238amino sugarglucosamine72
7346369139oligosaccharideschains of sugar molecules73
7346377268polymerization of the individual moleculessugar storage in higher organisms is accomplished through74

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