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| 5984827067 | carboxyl group pKa | 2 | 0 | |
| 5984828214 | amino group pKa | between 9 and 10 | 1 | |
| 5984833541 | nonpolar, nonaromatic amino acids | glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, proline | 2 | |
| 5984834954 | aromatic amino acids | tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine | 3 | |
| 5984837645 | polar amino acids | serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine | 4 | |
| 5984840768 | negatively charged (acidic) amino acids | aspartate, glutamate | 5 | |
| 5984842925 | positively charged (basic) amino acids | lysine, arginine, histidine | 6 | |
| 5984844717 | pKa | the pH at which half of the species is deprotonated; [HA] = [A-] | 7 | |
| 5984849304 | pI without charged side chain | 6 | 8 | |
| 5984854445 | pI of acidic amino acids | well below 6 | 9 | |
| 5984855402 | pI of basic amino acids | well above 6 | 10 | |
| 5984857143 | hydrolysis | reaction where peptide bonds are broken | 11 | |
| 5984858339 | primary structure | linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide and is stabilized by peptide bonds | 12 | |
| 5984860712 | secondary structure | the local structure of neighboring amino acids, and is stabilized by hydrogen bonding between amino groups and nonadjacent carboxyl groups | 13 | |
| 5984864408 | alpha-helix | clockwise coils around central axis | 14 | |
| 5984865661 | beta-pleated sheets | rippled strands that can be parallel or antiparallel | 15 | |
| 5984867315 | proline | can interrupt secondary structure because of its rigid cyclic structure | 16 | |
| 5984869663 | tertiary structure | the three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain, and is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, acid-base interactions (salt bridges), hydrogen bonding, and disulfide bonds | 17 | |
| 5984875064 | disulfide bonds | occur when two cysteine molecules ore oxidized and create a covalent bond to form cystine | 18 | |
| 5984878226 | quarternary structure | the interaction between peptides in proteins that contain multiple subunits | 19 | |
| 5984886304 | oxidoreductases | catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions that involve the transfer of electrons | 20 | |
| 5984889533 | transferases | move functional group from one molecule to another molecule | 21 | |
| 5984890780 | hydrolases | catalyze cleavage without the addition of water | 22 | |
| 5984891683 | lyases | catalyze cleavage without the addition of water and without the transfer of electrons. | 23 | |
| 5984894574 | synthesis | reverse reaction of lyases | 24 | |
| 5984896016 | isomerases | catalyze the interconversion of isomers, including both constitutional isomers and stereoisomers | 25 | |
| 5984897905 | ligases | responsible for joining two large biomolecules, often of the same type | 26 |
