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Biochemistry Flashcards

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8292976498organic compoundCompounds that contain carbon and hydrogen0
8292976499inorganic compounda compound that does not have both hydrogen and carbon1
8292976500proteinA three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids.2
8292976501polypeptideA polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.3
8292976502dipeptidea molecule consisting of two amino acids4
8292976503amino acidBuilding blocks of protein5
8292976504dehydration synthesisA chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.6
8292976505polymerA long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.7
8292976506monomerA simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers8
8292976507hydrolysisBreaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water9
8292976508fatty acidunbranched carbon chains that make up most lipids10
8292976509glycerolA three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.11
8292976510lipidEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.12
8292976511carbohydrate"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)"13
8292976512monosaccharideA single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.14
8292976513polysaccharideCarbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides15
8292976514disaccharideA sugar consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.16
8292976515DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)A complex nucleic acid molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.17
8292976516nucleic acidA biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells18
8292976517nucleotideA building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.19

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