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| 4954327803 | carbon; hydrogen | Organic compounds based on ______ and are secondly based on ___________. | 0 | |
| 4954327804 | 4 | Carbon contains ____ valence electrons. | 1 | |
| 4954327805 | monomer | most basic unit of any organic compound; consists of a simple molecule and serve as a unit in a polymer; link with covalent bonds | 2 | |
| 4954327806 | macromolecule | one large polymer; proteins, carbs, nucleic acid, lipids | 3 | |
| 4954327807 | condensation reaction (dehydration synthesis) | monomers join to form polymers and water is formed | 4 | |
| 4954327808 | condensation and hydrolysis | 2 chemical reactions of carbon compounds | 5 | |
| 4954327809 | characteristics; consistently | Functional groups give molecules their unique ____________ and behave ___________. | 6 | |
| 4954327810 | hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate | 4 types of functional groups | 7 | |
| 4954327811 | hydroxyl group (-OH) | functional group that is polar and attracts to water |  | 8 |
| 4954327812 | alcohols | compounds containing hydroxyl groups | 9 | |
| 4954327813 | carboxyl group |  | 10 | |
| 4954327814 | carboxylic acids; hydrogen ions | compounds containing carboxyl groups; considered acids because they release what in a solution? | 11 | |
| 4954327815 | amino group | functional group that acts as a base because they reduce amount of hydrogen ions in solution; pH goes up; important in proteins |  | 12 |
| 4954327816 | amines | compounds containing amino groups | 13 | |
| 4954327817 | phosphate group | functional group that is component of nucleic acid and ATP and is important in energy transfer |  | 14 |
| 4954327818 | carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid | 4 organic compounds of life | 15 | |
| 4954327819 | carbohydrate | -composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen -main energy for life -provide structure for living things |  | 16 |
| 4954327820 | C6 H12 O6 (ratio= 1:2:1 as C:H:O) | general formula of a monosaccharide is | 17 | |
| 4954327821 | monosaccharide | monomer of carbohydrate | 18 | |
| 4954327822 | glucose, fructose, and galactose | 3 most common monosaccharides | 19 | |
| 4954327823 | glucose | monosaccharid/blood and plants; sugar in plants | 20 | |
| 4954327824 | fructose | monosaccharide/sugar found in fruit | 21 | |
| 4954327825 | galactose | monosaccharide/sugar found in milk | 22 | |
| 4954327826 | isomers | glucose, fructose, and galactose are all- | 23 | |
| 4954327827 | isomer | the structure for monosaccharides is an ________ : formula is same but structure is different | 24 | |
| 4954327828 | disaccharides | polymers of carbs | 25 | |
| 4954327829 | sucrose, lactose | 2 polymers of carbs | 26 | |
| 4954327830 | sucrose | disaccharide that is glucose and fructose; makes up sugar cane/table sugar | 27 | |
| 4954327831 | lactose | disaccharide that is galactose and glucose; makes up milk sugar | 28 | |
| 4954327832 | starch, cellulose, glycogen, chiten | 4 macromolecules of carbs | 29 | |
| 4954327833 | starch | macromolecule of carbs found in potatoes, pasta; made up of glucose | 30 | |
| 4954327834 | storage form of glucose in a plant | function of starch: | 31 | |
| 4954327835 | cellulose | macromolecule of carbs that can't be digested (fiber) | 32 | |
| 4954327836 | structural carbohydrate; makes up plant cell walls | function of cellulose | 33 | |
| 4954327837 | glycogen | macromolecule of carbs that is energy storage; how animals store glucose; temporary glucose storage | 34 | |
| 4954327838 | chiten | macromolecule of carbs that is structural; makes up exoskeleton of terrestrial arthropods | 35 | |
| 4954327839 | protein | composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms | 36 | |
| 4954327840 | -provide structure, catalyze chemical reactions, help with transportation (ex: hemoglobin tranports oxygen), fight infection, regulate body functions, and help cells comunicate | function of proteins | 37 | |
| 4954327841 | make up enzymes which serve as catalysts | how do proteins help catalyze chemical reactions? | 38 | |
| 4954327842 | make up antibodies that help locate/fight disease in the bloodstream | how do proteins help fight diseases? | 39 | |
| 4954327843 | receptor proteins | what kind of protein helps with cell comminication | 40 | |
| 4954327844 | make up insulin which regulates body sugar levels | how do proteins help regulate bodily functions? | 41 | |
| 4954327845 | protein function that gives structure in hair and nails | keratin | 42 | |
| 4954327846 | protein function that gives structure by making up skin and muscle (used to treat wrinkles in plastic surgery) | collegen | 43 | |
| 4954327847 | amino acid | monomer of a protein | 44 | |
| 4954327848 | 20 | # of different amino acids due to different R/variable groups | 45 | |
| 4954327849 | dipeptide | polymers of protein | 46 | |
| 4954327850 | "R" groups | what determines the difference between amino acid groups? | 47 | |
| 4954327851 | false- they are very rare! | true/false: dipetides are very common | 48 | |
| 4954327852 | polypeptide | many amino acids linked together | 49 | |
| 4954327853 | peptide bonds | covalent bonds that join amino acids into dipeptides and polypeptide | 50 | |
| 4954327854 | 3-D | structure of protein: large macromolecules that are twisted and folded into _____ molecules | 51 | |
| 4954327855 | primary structure | protein structure that the sequence of amino acids determines structure and function of protein | 52 | |
| 4954327856 | genes | ___________ determines the function and shape of a protein | 53 | |
| 4954327857 | primary structure | which structure of proteins (primary, secondary, or tertiary) is the most important | 54 | |
| 4954327858 | secondary structure | protein structure where hydrogen bonding causes regular folding along polypeptide backbone; beginning of 3-D | 55 | |
| 4954327859 | tertiary structure | protein structure where hydrogen, covalent, and ionic bonding occurs between "2" groups; twists and folds | 56 | |
| 4954327860 | hydrophobic; hydrophilic | go away from water; attracted to water | 57 | |
| 4954327861 | quaternary structure | 2+ tertiary subunits that bond together | 58 | |
| 4954327862 | enzyme | type of protein that act as catalysts in metabolism; speed up chem. reactions | 59 | |
| 4954327863 | activation energy | Enzymes speed up chem. reactions by lowering the ... | 60 | |
| 4954327864 | substrate | the reactant on which an enzyme works; bind to enzyme | 61 | |
| 4954327865 | temperature, pH, availability of enzyme | factors that affect reactivity of an enzyme | 62 | |
| 4954327866 | lipid | composed of carbon, hydrogen, and a little oxygen -long-term energy storage, protect, act as reactants in metabolism, compose cell MEMBRANE | 63 | |
| 4954327867 | fatty acids | Most lipids contain _______ ______. ("monomer" of lipids) | 64 | |
| 4954327868 | saturated and unsaturated; saturated | fatty acids can be _________ and _____________; ___________ has more hydrogen and is more non-polar | 65 | |
| 4954327869 | triglycerides, wax, steroids, phospholipids | 4 types of lipids | 66 | |
| 4954327870 | triglyceride | type of lipid that can be oil (unsaturated fatty acids; liquid) and fat (saturated fatty acids; solid) | 67 | |
| 4954327871 | wax | type of lipid that protects; waterproofs | 68 | |
| 4954327872 | steroid | type of lipid that are reactants in metabolism (estrogen, testosterone); only lipid not made of fatty acids | 69 | |
| 4954327873 | phospholipid | type of lipid that makes up cell membrane of every living thing; one end repels and one end attracts water | 70 | |
| 4954327874 | nucleic acid | composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus; stores and transports genetic info | 71 | |
| 4954327875 | nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acid | 72 | |
| 4954327876 | RNA and DNA | polymers of nucleic acid | 73 | |
| 4954327877 | DNA | polymer of nucleic acid that stores genetic info; double-stranded, sugar=deoxyribose, bases: thymine, guanine, cytosine, adenine | 74 | |
| 4954327878 | RNA | polymer of nucleic acid that transports genetic info to make protein; single-stranded, sugar is ribose, bases: adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine | 75 | |
| 4954327879 | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen | 6 major elements of life | 76 | |
| 4954327880 | denatured | an enzyme becomes __________ when conditions are changed | 77 | |
| 4954327881 | carbon | all organic compounds have the elements __________ and in them for the exception of some minerals and atmospheric gases | 78 | |
| 4954327882 | carbon and hydrogen | organic compounds consist of _______ and _______ covalently bonded together | 79 | |
| 4954327883 | smallest organic compound | methane | 80 | |
| 4954327884 | monomers, polymers, macromolecules | identify the three main types of structures of Carbon Compounds | 81 | |
| 4954327885 | polymer | compounds made up of repeating linked monomers (linked covalently) | 82 | |
| 4954327886 | 4 groups of carbon macromolecules | lipids, nucleic acids, carbs, and proteins | 83 | |
| 4954327887 | condensation reaction and hydrolysis reaction | 2 chemical reactions of carbon compounds | 84 | |
| 4954327888 | condensation reaction | monomers join to form polymers (covalently), water is formed (opposite of hydrolysis reaction) | 85 | |
| 4954327889 | dehydration synthesis | another name for condensation reaction | 86 | |
| 4954327890 | hydrolysis reaction | polymers are broken down into monomers (covalent bonds are broken) and water is lost (opposite of condensation reaction) | 87 | |
| 4954327891 | functional groups | the regions of organic molecules most commonly involved in chemical reactions | 88 | |
| 4954327892 | functional group | what gives organic molecules their unique characteristics | 89 | |
| 4954327893 | true | true/false: functional groups remain behave consistently from organic molecule to the next | 90 |
