AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

biochemistry Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
78949819472 Reasons Atoms Bond1) To gain a full valence shell 2) To cancel out charges0
7894992647Proton ChargePositive1
7894992648Neutron ChargeNeutral2
7894995363Electron ChargeNegative3
7895662512IsotopeAtom of the same element with a different number of neutrons4
7895832673IonA charged particle(element)5
78958372232 Types of BondIonic, Covalent6
7895840930Covalent BondBond where 2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons7
7895857177Ionic BondBonds that form between charged particles to neutralize charges8
7895863161What is strongestCovalent9
7895877788Metals bondIonic10
7895882733What bonds does H formBoth11
7895882734moleculeTwo or more atoms bonded in covalent bonds(Can not be split)12
7895891210compoundOne or more atoms bonded by ionic bonds(can be split)13
7895894792Organic MoleculesMolecules that contain H,C, usually O14
78958977924 Main Atoms for LifeC, H, O, N15
7895900576Macromolecules"Big molecules"16
78959287394 Types of MacromoleculeProteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates17
7895941468InertDoes not form bonds18
7895951643atomsmallest particle of an element that still has the the properties of the element19
78959555363 Subatomic particleselectron, neutron, proton20
7895962468MatterAnything that has mass and takes up space21
7895962470elementsbuilding blocks of matter22
7895965064AMUAtomic Mass Unit23
7895967587Location of subatomicProtons: nucleus Neutrons: Nucleus Electron: outside nucleus inside electron cloud24
7895970726Chemical ReactionConversion of reactants into products, anything that breaks and/or forms bonds between atoms or molecules, change properties of reactants25
7895980913bondshold atoms together26
7903810887weight of electronno mass27
7903810888weight of proton1 AMU28
7903810889weight of neutron1 AMU29
7903811996Noble GassesElements on the far right that don't bond with any because they already have a full valence shell30
7903815178Why is all life carbon basedCarbon forms 4 bonds, so it is a stable building block for life31
7903817447Carbohydrates elemental compositionMade of C, H, O, in a ratio 1:2:1, 3 carbon atoms with a hydroxyl chain bonded to an O32
7903821845Monomer unit of carbsMonosaccharides33
7903822773Examples of MonosaccharidesFructose, Glucose34
7903823260Examples of DisaccharidesSucrose, Lactose35
7903823710Examples of PolysaccharidesCellulose, starch, glycogen, chitin36
7903824135CelluloseA carbohydrate that is the most abundant organic chemical compound. It makes up the structure of plant cell walls, AKA Fiber37
7903825718StarchPlant sugar storage38
7903826415GlycogenAnimal sugar storage39
7903826416Chitinused for exoskeletons of arthropods40
7903826928Carbs food sourcesMost grains, Potatoes, Beans, Legumes, Dairy41
79038312433 Functions of carbsProvide energy and regulate glucose, Structure of cells and organisms, Used as antibodies to recognize the cells42
7903834047GlucoseSugar that helps regulate glucose43
7903835139Reactions of carbsDehydration synthesis builds carbs, hydrolysis reactions break up carbs44
7903836199Dehydration synthesisBonds atoms and produces a water as a byproduct45
7903836826HydrolysisUses water to break down molecules46
7903852289Protein elemental compMade up of sets of amino acids with elements C,H,O,N47
7903855252Simple proteinsMade of only amino acids, such as eggs, albumin, globulin48
7903856170Conjugateinclude non amino acids, such as lipoprotein49
7903857782ConformationShape of the protein, form affects the function50
7903858403Protein monomer unitsAmino Acids(some are hydrophobic/hydrophilic)51
7903859453FunctionsForms skin pigments, enzymes to speed up chem rxn, hormones(insulin), antibodies, muscle contraction, transports materials, hemoglobin transport oxygen in red blood cells, moves things in/out of cells52
7903860999EnzymesBiological catalysts, speed up chemical reactions and reduce energy needed for them53
7903867445ATPAdenosine Triphosphate, a modified nucleotide that functions as the currency of energy for life54
7912573929Composition of ATPRibose(simple sugar), Adenine, 3 Phosphate groups55
7912582779ATP Generates EnergyEnzyme causes it to lose one phosphate which generates energy56
7912613950RNA vs DNARNA is Single stranded, while DNA is double stranded, RNA uses ribose as its sugar while DNA uses deoxyribose, and DNA = A,T,G,C while RNA = A, U, G, C57
7912631007Function of nucleic acidsStore genetic info, make proteins, regulate genes, central dogma58
7912684723Composition of Nucleic AcidsSugar, Phosphate, nitrogenous base, CHONP59
7912689929Monomer units of nucleic acidsNucleotides60
7912698132Function of proteinPigments, Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Muscle contraction, Transport(through body, hemoglobin, in/out cell)61

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!