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Biochemistry Flashcards

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11264569038chemical bondthe force that holds two atoms together0
11264571804Compounda thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture.1
11264576439covalent bondA chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons2
11264578412ElectronA subatomic particle that has a negative charge3
11264648502ElementA pure substance made of only one kind of atom4
11264650006hydrogen bondweak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom5
11264651932SPONCHsulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen6
11264655015SulfurS 167
11264655887PhosphorusP 158
11264657545OxygenO 89
11264659340NitrogenN 710
11264660637CarbonC 611
11264662913HydrogenH 112
11264665927deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.13
11264669064DisaccharideA double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.14
11264670747EnzymeA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing15
11264671709Fatty AcidBuilding Blocks of Lipids16
11264674465Glucosethe form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.17
11264675318gylcerola 3 carbon compound18
11264676270IonA charged atom19
11264677148ionic bondFormed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another20
11264678545isotopeAtoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons21
11264680545Neutronno charge22
11264683033polar covenant bondA covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally23
11264684565Protonpositive charge24
11264688882Amino acidBuilding blocks of protein25
11264690304AdhesionAn attraction between molecules of different substances26
11264691588BaseA substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.27
11264693714Buffercompound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH28
11264695363Caplillary actionacid29
11264698685CohesionAttraction between molecules of the same substance30
11264700417evaporationLiquid to gas31
11264703243High specific heatA property of water. Water can absorb lots of heat before changing temperature32
11264705583hydrogen bondAttraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.33
11268962064pH scalemeasurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 1434
11268964798polarMolecule with partial charges. Mixes with water.35
11268966878SoluteA substance that is dissolved in a solution.36
11268969363SolutionA homogeneous mixture of two or more substances37
11268971518SolventA liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances38
11268974129reusableable to be used again39
11268978498specificclearly defined or identified40
11268982586Substratereactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction41
11268982587Denaturationloss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor42
11268989122macromoleculeA very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules43
11268991103MonomerA simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers44
11268994835Monosaccradieshave molecular forumulas that are usually multiples of CH2O45
11268996425nucleic acidsDNA and RNA46
11269000322NeucleotideA building block of DNA or RNA. It includes one base, one phosphate molecule, and one sugar molecule47
11269002930organic moleculesmolecules that contain carbon48
11269006943phospholipidsA molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.49
11269009401Pollysaccharidesare made of single-sugar units that are bonded together to form a chain, sometimes called starches, sometimes called complex carbs, found in grains veggies and fruits.50
11269011118ChitinA chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility51
11269013226glycogenAn extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.52
11269016096starchA storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.53
11269017637polymerA long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.54
11269019302proteinAn organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells55
11269023637Riboneucleic acidRNA56
11269025999saturated fatA lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms57
11269029324unsaturated fatsA fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.58
11269032371surface tensionA measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid59
11269035571activation energyEnergy needed to get a reaction started60
11269037813active siteThe part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs.61
11269041135catalystsubstance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction62
11340597169EnzymeA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing63
11340600422lock and keyModel of enzyme activity that explains how a particular enzyme will only fit with one particular type of substrate.64
11340603904productthe answer to a multiplication problem65

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