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| 14148358366 | Functional Group: Carboxylic acid group | Acts as an acid, can shed H+ based on the pH EX: fatty acids, amino acids | 0 | |
| 14148360144 | Functional Group: Amino Group | Can accept or release H+ depending on the pH EX: Amino Acids | 1 | |
| 14148361558 | Functional Group: Hydroxyl Group | May link molecules through dehydration synthesis. Hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups and water molecules affects solubility. EX: Carbohydrates, Fatty acids, Amino acids | 2 | |
| 14148364465 | Functional Group: Phosphate group | May link other molecules for form larger structures; May store energy. EX: Phospholipids, Nucleic acids, High-energy compounds | 3 | |
| 14148368801 | Carbohydrates: | All carbohydrates except monosaccharides, must be disassembled via hydrolysis before being used in cells. | 4 | |
| 14148372941 | Types of Carbohydrates Mono | 1.)Monosaccharides Are carbohydrates that contain 3-7 carbon atoms. Glucose is an example and is one of the most important carbs in the body. EX: glucose, fructose, galactose | 5 | |
| 14148382369 | Types of Carbohydrates Di | 2.) Disaccharides: 2 monosaccharides joined together EX: sucrose, malt | 6 | |
| 14148383431 | Types of Carbohydrates Poly | 3.) Polysaccharides: Disaccharides + one or more monosaccharides. Glycogen is a starch that animals use to store energy. | 7 | |
| 14148385463 | Types of carbohydrates Isomer | a similar molecular formula, but a different structure. | 8 | |
| 14148386677 | Carbohydrates: Function vs stucture | Function: -glucose= short term energy use -glycogen= medium energy use Structure: -Polymers formed by dehydration -Digested by hydrolysis -Isomers | 9 | |
| 14148394403 | Lipids (Fats) | -Carbon to hydrogen ratio 2:1 with a small portion of O. -Hydrophobic structure | 10 | |
| 14148397722 | Lipids (Fats) Type: Fatty Acids | Are long carbon chains (hydrocarbon) with an end composed of a carboxylic acid group. 1.) Saturated: has single covalent bonds 2.) Unsaturated: Has one or more double covalent bonds. -Monounsaturated= 1 double covalent bond -Polyunsaturated= multiple covalent bonds Healthy: Mono and poly unsaturated Non Healthy: saturated and transe fats | 11 | |
| 14148404787 | Lipids (Fats) Type: Eicosanoids | Synthesized from arachidonic acids EX: -Leukotrienes: secreted by leukocytes in response to exposure to allergens -Prostaglandins: coordinates cellular activities and used as chemical messengers. **During an injury they stimulate nerve endings and increase sensitivity to pain. | 12 | |
| 14148412694 | Lipids (Fats) Type: Glycerides | Chains of fatty acids linked together by a glycerol molecule. Monoglyceride: 1 fatty acid chain + glycerol. Diglyceride: 2 + glycerol Triglyceride: 3 -Have 3 main functions 1.) Energy Storage 2.) Insulation 3.) Protection | 13 | |
| 14148425620 | Lipids (fats) type: Steroids | Large lipid molecule with a complex 4 ring structure. **Play a vital role in cell structure in the form of cholesterol -Regulate sexual function -Breakdown fat -Involved in metabolic and mineral balance -Precursor to most hormones | 14 | |
| 14148431820 | Lipids (Fats) Type: Phospholipids | Diglycerides linked to non lipid groups via a phosphate group. **Form cellular membranes and some organelle membranes **Phospholipid bilayer | 15 | |
| 14148443312 | Lipids (Fats) Type: Glycolipids | a diglyceride + a carbohydrate | 16 | |
| 14148446078 | Proteins | Proportionately the most abundant organic component in the body. | 17 | |
| 14148447980 | Protein Function | -Support- structural proteins provide framework if the body and its subcomponents. -Movement- contractile proteins -Transport proteins -Buffering -Metabolic regulation -Protection | 18 | |
| 14148453326 | Protein Stucture | Long chain of amino acids. -Amino acids stucture: -Central carbon atom -Hydrogen atom -Amino group -Carboxylic group -Variable group | 19 | |
| 14148462292 | Protein structure: Peptide vs Polypeptide | Peptide Bond: -A covalent bond between the carboxylic acid end of one AA and the amino group of another AA Polypeptide: - 3 or more amino acids link together by a peptide bond | 20 | |
| 14148464758 | Protein Shape | Usually determined by the variable group on the amino acid and also by hydrogen bonding. 4 Levels: 1.) Primary: amino acid sequence (linear chain) 2.) Secondary: Back bone interaction (alpha helix or pleated sheet) 3.) Tertiary: Side chain interaction (3 dimensional folding 4.) Quaernary: Multiple polypeptide chains forming protein complexes. EX: Hemoglobin and Collagen | 21 | |
| 14148475217 | Thalassemia | -Inherited blood disorder -2 types of globin: Alpha and Beta -Major (dominant) and minor (recessive) mutations -Symptoms: Anemia, Fatigue, Bone deformity, Still birth | 22 | |
| 14148482936 | Glycoproteins vs Proteoglycans | 23 | ||
| 14148533282 | Enzymes: substrate, active site, specificity, isozymes | -substrates: the reactants in an enzymatic reaction -active site: area in which substrates fit on an enzyme -specificity: each enzyme is particular to one type of reaction -isozymes: enzymes that vary in structure, but catalyze the same substrates | 24 | |
| 14148539955 | Enzymes: Saturation Limits | Saturation limits: An enzyme is only able to cycle through substrates in a reaction at a certain time -Saturated = when ample amounts of reactants exist and enzymes are cycling through at their highest capacity | 25 | |
| 14148544557 | Enzymes: Regulation | Regulation: the turning on and off of an enzyme by the change in its shape -cofactor: an ion or molecule that binds to an enzyme before it can catalyze reactants. *This can alter the active site letting a substrate bind -coenzyme: organic molecules that work as cofactors, such as vitamins. | 26 | |
| 14148552362 | Nucleic Acids: DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid=DNA -IS the blueprints for protein production and also is the encodings of our genetic makeup -DNA structure: 2 long chains of nucleotides a.) Pentose- a 5-carbon sugar b.)Phosphate group c.) Nitrogenous base 1.)Purines- adenine and guanine 2.) Pyrimidines- cytosine and thymine | 27 | |
| 14148575278 | Nucleic Acids: RNA | Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) -templates for protein synthesis -RNA structure: 1 long chains of nucleotides a.) Pentose- a 5-carbon sugar b.)Phosphate group c.) Nitrogenous base 1.)Purines- adenine and guanine 2.) Pyrimidines- cytosine and thymine | 28 | |
| 14148580789 | Nucleic Acid Function | -Genetic information = DNA -Protein construction= mRNA, tRNA, rRNA,miRNA -Determines: Structure and function | 29 |
