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Biochemistry Flashcards

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14325986492MacromoleculesA very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules0
14325994569Nucleic Acidmacromolecule composed of nucleotides. They transmit and store information in the organism.1
14326029012DNAdeoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.2
14326031425RNAsingle-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose. It gives ribosomes the genetic information from DNA.3
14326042510DNA NucleotidesCytosine (C), thymine (T), adenine (A), guanine (G)4
14326047115RNA nucleotidesadenine(A), cytosine(C), guanine (G), uracil(U)5
14326050775CarbohydratesMacromolecule composed of sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose. They store energy and help in structural support6
14326053977Monomers of Carbohydratesmonosaccharides (simple sugars)7
14326057499Monomers of Nucleic AcidNucleotide (5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base)8
14326078966LipidsEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes. They protect vital organs and compose the cell membrane9
14326085399Polymersmolecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules10
14326101588PhospholipidsA molecule that has a hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail. They are the main structure of the cell membrane11
14326107926Amino Acidsbuilding blocks of proteins12
14326110829Structure of an Amino Acidan amino group, a carboxylic acid, and a R group (varies for each amino acid)13
14326114618R groupa functional group that defines a particular amino acid and gives it special properties.14
14326117792ProteinsMade from amino acids. They carry out most of the work in cells. Play a role in the function of the body's tissue and organs.15
14326132743Structure of a proteinprimary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary16
14326135809CohesionAttraction between molecules of the same substance17
14326137315AdhesionAn attraction between molecules of different substances18
14326149590Water has ahigh specific heat, and this tends to keep body temperature relatively constant.19
14326151647Water is the universalsolvent. -water dissolves more substances than any other liquid20
14326155012HydrolysisBreaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water21
14326155019Dehydration SynthesisA chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.22
14326158549Functional groupschemical groups attached to carbon skeletons that give compounds their functionality23

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