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biochemistry Flashcards

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3871450002AtomThe smallest unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.0
3871450003MoleculeThe smallest particle in a chemical element or compound. These particles are made up of two or more atoms that are held together by chemical bonds.1
3871450499Covalent bondA chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.2
3871450500Ionic bondA type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.3
3871450936Hydrogen bondThe attractive force between the hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of a different molecule.4
3871451389MacromoleculeA very large molecule, such as protein, commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits (monomers). They are sometimes composed of thousands or more atoms.5
3871451390OrganelleStructures with specialized functions suspended in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.6
3871452218TissueDistinct types of material which make up organisms and consist of specialized cells and their products.7
3880034482Organ systemA group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.8
3871453833Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organismName the levels in the hierarchy of life from atoms to organisms.9
3871454287Nucleic acidA large biological molecule made up of nucleotides. Examples are DNA and RNA which store genetic information.10
3871454526ProteinA large biological molecule composed of one or more long chains of amino acids. They carry out most of the functions in a cell and are the primary component of the cells structure. Examples include all enzymes, collagen, keratin, insulin, immunoglobulins, muscle fibers.11
3871454286CarbohydrateA biological molecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms. They provide short term energy storage and provide unique identification for cells. Examples are sugar, cellulose, chitin and starch.12
3871454527LipidA large biological molecule made up of fatty acids that are not soluble water. Is the main component of cell membranes and provides long term energy storage. Examples include fats, waxes, and cholesterol.13

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