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Biochemistry Flashcards

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5356287001AtomSmallest unit of an element0
5356287002ElementA pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means1
5356287003Valence ElectronElectrons on the outermost energy level of an atom2
5356287004CompoundA substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds3
5356287005IonA charged atom4
5356287006CohesionAttraction between molecules of the same substance5
5356287007AdhesionAn attraction between molecules of different substances6
5356287008SolutionA mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.7
5356287009AcidA compound that produces hydrogen ions in a solution. A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus red.8
5356287010BaseA substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue. Decreases H+ concentration.9
5356287011pHScale that measures how acidic or basic a substance is.10
5356287012SolventA liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances11
5356287013SoluteA substance that is dissolved in a solution.12
5356287014CarbohydrateClass of nutrients that includes sugars and starches13
5356287015LipidEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.14
5356287016ProteinAn organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells15
5356287017Amino AcidBuilding blocks of proteins16
5356287018Nucleic AcidStores and transmits genetic information17
5356287019NucleotideBuilding block of DNA18
5356287020EnergyThe ability to do work19
5356287021ReactantA chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction20
5356287022ProductA substance produced in a chemical reaction21
5356287023Active Sitethe site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate22
5356287024EnzymeA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing23
5356287025SubstrateA substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.24
5356287026MoleculeA group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.25
5356287027Ionic bondA chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.26
5356287028IsotopeAtoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons27
5356287029NucleusA region that is located at the center of an atom and contains most of the atom's mass (protons and neutrons)28

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