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| 6628868827 | the ground state | If all the electrons in an atom are in the lowest available energy levels, the atom is said to be in... | 0 | |
| 6628874313 | isotopes | Atoms of one element that vary only in the number of neutrons in the nucleus (they are chemically identical) | 1 | |
| 6628887854 | tracer | A radioisotope that can be incorporated into a molecule and used to trace the path of a molecule in a metabolic pathway | 2 | |
| 6628896174 | released | When bonds are formed, is energy released or accepted? | 3 | |
| 6628899656 | atoms acquire a more stable configuration by completing their outer shell | Why is energy released during bond formation? | 4 | |
| 6628906423 | ionic bond | A bond that results from the transfer of electrons | 5 | |
| 6628908167 | covalent bond | A bond that results from the sharing of electrons | 6 | |
| 6628913741 | nonpolar bond | The bond when the electrons are shared equally between two identical atoms | 7 | |
| 6628916313 | polar covalent bonds | The bond when the electrons are shared unequally between two atoms (whenever the bond is between two different atoms) | 8 | |
| 6628930120 | polar and ionic substances (they are hydrophilic) | What kinds of things dissolve in water? | 9 | |
| 6628940570 | yes - oxygen is highly negative and h is highly positive | Is water polar? If so, in what way? | 10 | |
| 6628947774 | a hydrogen bond | A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other | 11 | |
| 6628954181 | specific heat | The amount of heat a substance must absorb to increase 1 gram of the substance by 1 degree celcius | 12 | |
| 6628958883 | the marine biome is very stable | What does the high specific heat of water affect in the environment? | 13 | |
| 6628963515 | water has a high heat of vaporization | What is important about water that relates to sweat? | 14 | |
| 6628973719 | water exhibits strong cohesion tension | What is the phrase that means that the molecules of water tend to attract one another? | 15 | |
| 6628979666 | transpirational-pull cohesion tension | The ability of water to move up a tall tree from the roots to the leaves without the expenditure of energy (as you lose one molecule from transpiration, another takes its place) | 16 | |
| 6628983192 | cohesion | The clinging of like molecules | 17 | |
| 6628983193 | adhesion | The clinging of unlike molecules | 18 | |
| 6629006378 | spring overturn | Dissolved Oxygen from the surface moves to deep water and nutrients released by decomposition moves to surface | 19 | |
| 6629031749 | 1x10^-pH (1 units of pH has a difference of 10 times) | How do you find the H+ concentration of a substance's pH in moles per liter? | 20 | |
| 6629038460 | buffers | Substances that resist changes in pH | 21 | |
| 6629042981 | the bicarbonate ion | What is the most important buffer in human blood? | 22 | |
| 6629050026 | carbonic acid is produced??? Pg 15 | What happens to the bicarbonate buffer system if there is a drop in pH? | 23 | |
| 6629086908 | bicarbonate is produced | What happens to the bicarbonate buffer system if there is a rise in pH? | 24 | |
| 6629091066 | isomers | Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures | 25 | |
| 6629096501 | structural isomers | Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms | 26 | |
| 6629100317 | Cis-trans isomers | Isomers that differ only in spatial arrangement around double bonds | 27 | |
| 6629104542 | enantiomers | Molecules that are mirror images of each other | 28 | |
| 6629111058 | L- | Are all the animal acids in cells L- (left handed) or D- (right handed)? | 29 | |
| 6629188406 | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen | What are the three elements in carbohydrates? | 30 | |
| 6629193355 | 2:1 | What is the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in all carbohydrates? | 31 | |
| 6629199851 | dehydration synthesis or condensation | The joining of two monosaccharides that releases one molecule of water | 32 | |
| 6629203221 | hydrolysis | The breakdown of a compound by adding water | 33 | |
| 6629210790 | glycogen | A polysaccharide found in animals - "animal starch". It is stored in liver and skeletal muscle | 34 | |
| 6629213000 | amylose and amylopectin | What are two forms of starch? | 35 | |
| 6629216990 | 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids | What is the typical structure of a lipid? | 36 | |
| 6629219469 | they are all hydrophobic | Why are all lipids grouped together? | 37 | |
| 6629221255 | glycerol | What is this? |  | 38 |
| 6629228796 | a fatty acid | A hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end |  | 39 |
| 6629233200 | saturated fats | Fatty acids that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms | 40 | |
| 6629237301 | unsaturated fats | Fatty acids that have at least 1 double bond formed by the removal of hydrogen atoms in the carbon skeleton | 41 | |
| 6629248553 | steroids | Lipids that consist of four fused rings | 42 | |
| 6629248554 | testosterone, cholesterol, etc | What are some examples of steroids? | 43 | |
| 6629257330 | to store energy | What is the main function of lipids? | 44 | |
| 6629258507 | as a major component of the cell membrane (phospholipids) | Where are lipids used structurally? | 45 | |
| 6629268069 | function as hormones | What is the function of several steroids? | 46 | |
| 6629275895 | two fatty acids (hydrophobic tails) attached to the glycerol backbone and a phosphate group (hydrophilic head) | What are phospholipids composed of? | 47 | |
| 6629281909 | the fatty acid tails | What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic? | 48 | |
| 6629289504 | growth and repair, signaling, regulation, enzymatic activity, and movement | What are the different functions of proteins in the body? | 49 | |
| 6629294405 | CHNOPS | What are the different elements in proteins? | 50 | |
| 6629305797 | a carboxyl group, an amine group, the R group, and a central asymmetric carbon atom | What do amino acids consist of? | 51 | |
| 6629319240 | the R group | This side chain differs in each amino acid | 52 | |
| 6629322976 | by chemical properties: hydrophobic, hydrophilic, acidic, or basic | How are R groups categorized? | 53 | |
| 6629328820 | the conformation | The unique shape of a protein | 54 | |
| 6629335601 | the primary structure | The unique linear sequence of amino acids in a protein | 55 | |
| 6629351299 | through peptide bonds | How are amino acids linked together? | 56 | |
| 6629369177 | secondary structure | This refers to how a polypeptide coils or folds into two distinct shapes based on the hydrogen bonding within the polypeptide molecule | 57 | |
| 6629383651 | a beta-pleated sheet | What is this shape of secondary structure? |  | 58 |
| 6629389335 | fibrous proteins | Proteins that exhibit either alpha helix or beta-pleated sheet or both | 59 | |
| 6629395630 | an amino acid | What is this? |  | 60 |
| 6629374407 | an alpha helix | What is this shape of secondary structure? |  | 61 |
| 6629409942 | tertiary structure | The intricate 3D shape or conformation of a protein that is superimposed on its secondary structure | 62 | |
| 6629427103 | Hydrogen/ionic bonding between R groups, hydrophobic interactions, Van der Waals interactions, and disulfide bonds between cysteine amino acids | What intramolecular factors contribute to the tertiary structure? | 63 | |
| 6629429266 | quaternary structure | Proteins that consist of more than one polypeptide chain | 64 | |
| 6629571438 | denaturation | A phenomenon in which adverse conditgions alter the weak intramolecular forces, causing a protein to lose its characteristic shape as well as function | 65 | |
| 6629582822 | pH, salt concentration, and temperature | What adverse conditions can denature a protein? | 66 | |
| 6629716250 | chaperonins (chaperone proteins) | Proteins that assist in folding other proteins | 67 | |
| 6629716251 | prions | Misfolded proteins | 68 | |
| 6629724069 | bioinformatics | The field that studies the three-dimensional shape of proteins | 69 | |
| 6629729301 | X-ray crystallography | The study of crystals and their structure by means of X-ray diffraction - used to reveal the 3D shape of protiens | 70 | |
| 6629742478 | a phosphate, a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), and a nitrogen base | What does a nucleotide consist of? | 71 | |
| 6629751888 | amino | What functional group is this? |  | 72 |
| 6629754528 | carboxyl | What functional group is this? |  | 73 |
| 6629761629 | hydroxyl | What functional group is this? |  | 74 |
| 6629765422 | phosphate | What functional group is this? |  | 75 |
| 6629770550 | functional groups | The components of organic molecules that are most often involved in chemical reactions | 76 | |
| 6645943606 | asymmetric carbon | A carbon atom that is attached to four different types of atoms or groups of atoms | 77 |
