Terms : Hide Images
| 191916828 | ionic bond | bond resulting from a transfer of electrons (electrons being ripped off) | |
| 191916829 | covalent bond | bond resulting from the sharing of electrons | |
| 191916830 | nonpolar | electrons shared equally | |
| 191916831 | polar covalent bond | bond resulting from electrons shared unequally | |
| 191916832 | buffer | substance that resists changes in pH | |
| 191916833 | bicarbonate ion | most important buffer in human blood | |
| 191916834 | isomer | organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structure | |
| 191916835 | dehydration synthesis | condensation; joining compounds together with water released | |
| 191916836 | hydrolysis | breakdown of a compound by adding water | |
| 191916837 | polysaccharide | polymers of carbohydrates ("many" sugars) | |
| 191916838 | peptide bond | bond creating amino acid chains or polymers (bond between amino acids) | |
| 191916839 | conformation | protein's unique shape that determines its function | |
| 191916840 | primary structure | linear sequence of amino acids; peptide bonds | |
| 191916841 | secondary structure | protein formed with hydrogen bonds | |
| 191916842 | tertiary structure | 3D conformation formed; determines specificity, due to hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonds | |
| 191916843 | quaternary structure | protein with more than one polypeptide chain | |
| 191916844 | alpha helix | secondary structure form of a protein; human hair (keratin) | |
| 191916845 | beta pleated sheet | secondary structure form of a protein; spider webs and silk | |
| 191916846 | heme group | one of four polypeptide chains in the quaternary structure of hemoglobin | |
| 191916847 | protein folding problem | how proteins form their unique shapes | |
| 191916848 | functional group | components of organic molecules most often involved in chemical reactions | |
| 191916849 | enzyme | catalytic protein that lowers a reaction's energy of activation | |
| 191916850 | induced fit model | enzyme model where the substrate induces the enzyme to alter its shape slightly so it fits better | |
| 191916851 | cofactor | inorganic enzyme assist | |
| 191916852 | coenzyme | organic enzyme assist (vitamins) | |
| 191916853 | competitive inhibition | compounds that look like the normal substrate compete for the same active site on the enzyme | |
| 191916854 | noncompetitive inhibition | more than one active site and the substrates do not look like each other | |
| 191916855 | allosteric inhibition | two active sites, one for a substrate and one for an inhibitor | |
| 191916856 | feedback inhibition | metabolic pathway is switched off by the end product; allosteric inhibition | |
| 191916857 | cooperativity | substrate stimulating an enzyme with quaternary structure to be more effective | |
| 191916858 | cohesion | like molecules sticking together | |
| 191916859 | alkaline | synonym for basic | |
| 191916860 | salt | compound that releases ion other than H+ or OH- when dissolved in water | |
| 191916861 | chemical equilibrium | when the reaction rate is about the same in either direction | |
| 191916862 | polymer | long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together | |
| 191916863 | monomer | building block for polymers; only made by producers | |
| 191916864 | adhesion | attraction between different kinds of molecules | |
| 191916865 | surface tension | measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid | |
| 191916866 | van der Waals interactions | tertiary structure; weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from localized charge fluctuations | |
| 191916867 | evaporative cooling | property of a liquid where the surface becomes cooler during evaporation due to the loss of molecules | |
| 191916868 | hydration shell | sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion | |
| 191916869 | disulfide bridge | tertiary structure; strong covalent bond formed when one sulfur of one cysteine monomer bonds to the sulfur of another | |
| 191916870 | hydrophobic interaction | tertiary structure; weak chemical bond formed when molecules that do not mix with water change to exclude the water | |
| 191916871 | hydrocarbon | organic molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon | |
| 191916872 | macromolecule | giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules | |
| 191916873 | hydroxyl | hydrogen bonded to oxygen bonded to an organic molecule's carbon skeleton; alcohol; polar | |
| 191916874 | carboxyl | oxygen double bonded to a carbon atom that is bonded to a hydroxyl group | |
| 191916875 | amine | nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and to the carbon skeleton | |
| 191916876 | isotope | atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons | |
| 191916877 | hydrogen bond | weak bond between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom like nitrogen or oxygen | |
| 191916878 | acid | more H+ than OH- ions, pH below 7 | |
| 191916879 | base | more OH- than H+ ions, pH above 7 | |
| 191916880 | pH | measure of H+ ions in a solution | |
| 191916881 | amino acid | contain carboxyl group (COOH) and amino group (NH2) and side chain R.... make up proteins |
