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| 3087039438 | What is the first hypothetical step in the origin of simple cells? | abiotic (physical) synthesis of small organic molecules | 0 | |
| 3087042688 | What is the2nd hypothetical step in the origin of simple cells? | joining of small molecules into macro molecules | 1 | |
| 3087043448 | What is the 3rd hypothetical step in the origin of simple cells? | packaging of molecules into protocells (self-organized collection of lipids) | 2 | |
| 3087045556 | What is the 4th hypothetical step in the origin of simple cells? | origin of self replicating molecules | 3 | |
| 3087047718 | How many year ago was the Earth formed? | 4.6 billion years ago | 4 | |
| 3087050326 | The oldest fossil organisms are prokaryotes that date back to _______ | 3.5 billion years ago | 5 | |
| 3087051077 | What are prokaryotes? | single celled organisms in the domain bacteria and archea | 6 | |
| 3087054269 | What are the most abundant organisms on Earth? | prokaryotes, who thrive almost everywhere | 7 | |
| 3087057578 | What did the Miller and Urey Experiment show? | shows that abiotic synthesis of organic molecules in a reducing atmosphere is possible |  | 8 |
| 3087094844 | The first compounds may have been synthesized near ____ or ______ | volcanoes or deep sea vents | 9 | |
| 3087097604 | RNA monomers have been produced spontaneously from _____ _____ | simple molecules | 10 | |
| 3087099522 | The first genetic material was probably ____ and not ____ | RNA, DNA | 11 | |
| 3087101042 | What has been found to catalyze many different reactions? | ribozymes, an RNA molecule that functions as en enzyme | 12 | |
| 3087109441 | What do protocell vesicles exhibit? | simple reproduction/metabolism and maintain an internal chemical environment | 13 | |
| 3087118296 | How large is a prokaryote? | diameter = .5-5micrometers | 14 | |
| 3087125975 | morphology of most prokaryotes | unicellular | 15 | |
| 3087130579 | What is in the cell wall of prokaryotes? | peptidoglycan | 16 | |
| 3087131844 | What is peptidoglycan? | a network of modified sugars cross-linked by polypeptides | 17 | |
| 3087134754 | gram positive | simpler with a large amount of peptidoglycan therefore a darker stain |  | 18 |
| 3087138253 | gram negative | less peptidoglycan therefore a lighter stain |  | 19 |
| 3087142911 | What do many antibiotics target? | they target peptidoglycan and damage bacterial cell walls | 20 | |
| 3087152126 | Which type of bacteria are more likely to be antibiotic resistant? | gram negative | 21 | |
| 3087152991 | Define Capsule: | polysaccharides or protein layer that covers prokaryotes | 22 | |
| 3087157169 | Define Endospores: | resistant bacterial cells | 23 | |
| 3087163196 | Define Fimbriae: | allows cells to stick to substrate of other individuals |  | 24 |
| 3087167329 | What allows prokaryotes to exchange DNA? | pili (sex) pili |  | 25 |
| 3087173201 | Define Chemotaxis: | movement from a chemical stimulus |  | 26 |
| 3087182733 | T or F prokaryotes have complex compartmentalization and membrane bound organelles | F | 27 | |
| 3087184559 | Some prokaryotes have infoldings of plasma membranes that function to do what? | perform metabolic functions | 28 | |
| 3087186789 | Who has more DNA, eukaryotes or prokaryotes? | eukaryotes | 29 | |
| 3087189031 | Where are chromosomes of prokaryotes located? | nucleoid region | 30 | |
| 3087189819 | What are plasmids? | smaller rings of DNA | 31 | |
| 3087195228 | Define: phototrophs chemotrophs autotrophs hetertrophs | energy from: sunlight, chemicals, CO2, require organic nutrients to make organic compounds |  | 32 |
| 3087198862 | What do obligate aerobes require? | O2 for cellular respiration | 33 | |
| 3087200930 | What are obligate anaerobes poisoned by? | oxyen, anaerobic respiration (fermentation) | 34 | |
| 3087203873 | Facultative anaerobic can survive without ____ | oxygen | 35 | |
| 3087206569 | What is nitrogen essential for? | the production of amino and nucleic acids | 36 | |
| 3087208148 | What is nitrogen fixation? | the conversion of N2 to NH3 | 37 | |
| 3087210208 | Define Heterocysts: | photosynthetic/nitrogen fixing cells that exchange metabolic products | 38 | |
| 3087217437 | Define Biofilm: | surface coating colony of prokaryotes that engage in metabolic cooperation | 39 | |
| 3087220678 | Define Transformation: | cells can incorporate foreign DNA | 40 | |
| 3087222615 | Define Transduction: | movement of genes between bacteria and bacteriophages | 41 | |
| 3087224243 | Define Conjugation: | process where genetic material is transferred between prokartoyes via a sex pilus | 42 | |
| 3087229328 | Where do Chlamydias survive in? | animal host cells | 43 | |
| 3087232384 | spirochetes | helical |  | 44 |
| 3087236931 | cyanobacteria | bacteria with plant like photosynthesis |  | 45 |
| 3087270319 | Where do extreme halophiles live? | high salinity | 46 | |
| 3087272794 | Where do extreme thermophiles live? | in hot waters | 47 | |
| 3087273543 | Define Methanogens | they have methane as a waste product, anaerobic and live in swamps, guts of cattle and deep sea hydrothermal vents | 48 | |
| 3087278311 | Decomposers have what nutritional mode? | chemoheterotrophic | 49 | |
| 3087283829 | Define Symbiosis: | ecological relationship in which two species live in close contact | 50 | |
| 3087286672 | Define Mutualism: | both symbiotic organism benefit | 51 | |
| 3087292618 | Define Commensalism: | when one organism benefits and the other doesn't | 52 | |
| 3087296646 | parasitism | parasite harms but doesn't kill the host | 53 | |
| 3087300267 | cocci | round |  | 54 |
| 3087300758 | bacilli | rod shaped |  | 55 |
