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| 266103822 | Has a very low net primary production per square meter | an open ocean | 0 | |
| 266103823 | Nitrifying bacteria participate in the nitrogen cycle mainly by | converting ammonium to nitrate, which plants absorb | 1 | |
| 266103824 | What has the greatest effect on the rate of chemical cycling in an ecosystem? | the rate of decomposition in the ecosystem | 2 | |
| 266103825 | Hubbard Brook watershed experiment concluded | most minerals were recycled within a forest ecosystem, the flow of minerals out of a natural watershed was offset by minerals flowing in, deforestation increased water runoff, and the nitrate concentration in waters draining the deforested area became dangerously high | 3 | |
| 266103826 | Consequence of biological magnification | toxic chemicals in the environment pose greater risk to top-level predators than to primary consumers | 4 | |
| 266103827 | Main cause of the increase in the amount of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere over the past 150 years is | the burning of larger amounts of wood and fossil fuels | 5 | |
| 266103828 | The biggest difference between the flow of energy and the flow of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem is that _____. | nutrients are recycled, but energy is not | 6 | |
| 266103829 | In an ecosystem, all incoming energy will eventually be _____. | dissipated into space as heat | 7 | |
| 266103830 | According to the law of conservation of energy | the total amount of energy stored in organic molecules plus the amounts reflected and dissipated as heat must equal the total solar energy intercepted by the Earth | 8 | |
| 266103831 | Autotrophs | photosynthetic organisms that use light energy to synthesize sugars and other organic compounds | 9 | |
| 266103832 | Most of the solar energy that reaches Earth _____. | is not captured for use by living things | 10 | |
| 266103833 | Net productivity | the rate at which producers convert solar energy to the chemical energy of organic compounds, minus the energy used during respiration | 11 | |
| 266103834 | Net primary productivity (NPP) | gross primary productivity (GPP) minus the energy used for respiration (R) | 12 | |
| 266103835 | A study of metabolic rates in a terrestrial community showed that the energy released by respiration exceeded the energy captured in photosynthesis. Which one of the following situations is most likely? | community biomass is decreasing | 13 | |
| 266103836 | Open ocean | contributes more primary production than any other single ecosystem; however, this is only because it is so large | 14 | |
| 266103837 | Terrestrial ecosystems | contribute two-thirds of global net primary production | 15 | |
| 266103838 | Marine ecosystems | contribute about one-third of global net primary production | 16 | |
| 266103839 | How do iron levels affect phytoplankton populations in a marine ecosystem? | Iron stimulates the growth of cyanobacteria, which convert atmospheric N2 to nitrogenous minerals, stimulating the growth of phytoplankton. | 17 | |
| 266103840 | Secondary production | the amount of chemical energy in a consumer's food that is converted to its own new biomass over a period of time | 18 | |
| 266103841 | The base of net production | contains the energy captured by photosynthesis | 19 | |
| 266103842 | Green world hypothesis' factors that keep herbivores in check | plants have defenses against herbivores, intraspecific competition can limit herbivore numbers, abiotic factors limit herbivores, and interspecific interactions check herbivore densities | 20 | |
| 266103843 | Over oceans | evaporation exceeds precipitation | 21 | |
| 266103844 | Transpiration | evaporative water loss from terrestrial plants | 22 | |
| 266103845 | The global hydrologic cycle supports a net flow of atmospheric water vapor ______. | from the oceans to land | 23 | |
| 266103846 | Carbon cycle | carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by cellular respiration in all aerobic organisms and removed by photosynthesis | 24 | |
| 266103847 | Respiration | process in which carbon dioxide is released from plants back to the atmosphere | 25 | |
| 266103848 | NH3 | Ammonia, the direct product of nitrogen fixation | 26 | |
| 266103849 | NH4+ | Ammonium, product of nitrogen fixation in the soil before being taken up into the plants | 27 | |
| 266103850 | In the nitrogen cycle | Nitrite is converted to nitrate (NO3-) by nitrifying bacteria | 28 | |
| 266103851 | Phophorus' cycle lacks an __________ component. | atmospheric | 29 | |
| 266103852 | Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest found that | the amount of nutrients leaving an intact forest ecosystem is controlled by the plants | 30 | |
| 266103853 | How have human activities increased the supply of fixed nitrogen available to primary producers? | use of nitrogen fertilizers, increased cultivation of legumes, and deliberate burning of fields | 31 | |
| 266103854 | Why are freshwater ecosystems in North America and northern Europe particularly sensitive to the effects of acid rain? | the lakes have a poor buffering capacity | 32 | |
| 266103855 | A possible consequence of rising CO2 levels | increased vegetative productivity | 33 | |
| 266103856 | Climatologists estimate past atmospheric CO2 concentrations by | measuring the CO2 concentrations in air bubbles trapped in glacial ice | 34 | |
| 266103857 | Ozone | is beneficial in the upper atmosphere | 35 | |
| 266103858 | The destruction of the ozone layer is most directly linked to _____. | release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere | 36 |
