7607813421 | Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space | 0 | |
7607816708 | Element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom | 1 | |
7607817823 | Compound | A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds | 2 | |
7607820139 | Trace Elements | Elements required by an organism but in minute quantities | 3 | |
7607826896 | CHON | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen. Makes up 96% of living matter. | 4 | |
7607836040 | Atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element | 5 | |
7607838273 | Neutrons | neutral particles that do not have an electrical charge, Found in Nucleus | 6 | |
7607841926 | Protons | positively charged subatomic particles,Found in Nucleus | 7 | |
7607846188 | Electrons | negatively charged subatomic particles, Found in the electron cloud | 8 | |
7607850152 | Atomic Nucleus | Formed from the Neutrons and protons | 9 | |
7607852523 | Daltons | the measurement of neurons and protons | 10 | |
7607856457 | Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom | 11 | |
7607856458 | Mass Number | the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | 12 | |
7607862040 | Atomic Mass | the atom's total mass can be approximated by the mass number | 13 | |
7607870382 | Isotopes | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. | 14 | |
7607874006 | Radioactive isotopes | decay spontaneously giving off particles and energy | 15 | |
7607879187 | Energy | The ability to do work or cause change | 16 | |
7607879188 | Potential Energy | stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object | 17 | |
7607882077 | Electron Shell/Orbital | the path or orbit electrons follow around the nucleus of an atom | 18 | |
7607883745 | Valence Electrons | Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom | 19 | |
7607886411 | Valence Shell | Outermost electron shell | 20 | |
7607886412 | Chemical Bonds | The attractive force that holds atoms or ions together. | 21 | |
7607888840 | Covalent Bonds | Bonds created by sharing electrons with other atoms. | 22 | |
7607888841 | Molecule | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds | 23 | |
7607888842 | Single Bond | a covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons | 24 | |
7607891797 | Double Bond | a covalent bond produced by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms | 25 | |
7607891798 | Triple Bond | A covalent bond produced by the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms | 26 | |
7607893692 | Structural Formula | a formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound. | 27 | |
7607900010 | Molecular Formula | a chemical formula that reports the actual numbers of atoms in one molecule of a compound | 28 | |
7607900011 | Valence | Bonding Capacity | 29 | |
7607901486 | Electronegativity | A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons | 30 | |
7607901487 | Non-Polar Covalent Bond | a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are equally attracted to both bonded atoms | 31 | |
7607903747 | Polar Covalent Bond | A covalent bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared unequally | 32 | |
7607910046 | Ionic Bond | chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another | 33 | |
7607915386 | Cation | A positively charged ion | 34 | |
7607917092 | Anion | A negatively charged ion | 35 | |
7607917093 | Hydrogen Bonds | Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom | 36 | |
7607925283 | Van Der Walls interactions | interactions between electron clouds | 37 | |
7607925284 | Reactants | A starting material in a chemical reaction | 38 | |
7607927477 | Products | A substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction | 39 | |
7607929295 | Chemical Equilibrium | The state where the concentrations of all reactants and products remain constant with time | 40 | |
7607977658 | Evolution | The gradual change in a species over time | 41 | |
7607977659 | Biology | The scientific study of life | 42 | |
7607982561 | Biological Hierarchy | Atoms, Organelles, Cells, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere | 43 | |
7608055866 | Emergent Properties | complex properties that arise from the interaction of simpler elements | 44 | |
7608057971 | Reductionism | reducing complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study | 45 | |
7608059644 | Systems Biology | the exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts | 46 | |
7608059645 | Global Climate Change | Changes in the average weather that occurs in an area over a period of years or decades. | 47 | |
7608182226 | Eukaryotic Cell | type of cell that has a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles | 48 | |
7608183798 | DNA | Genetic information that can be used as evidence of evolution between organisms. | 49 | |
7608189652 | Genes | DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission. | 50 | |
7608195939 | Gene Expression | process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function | 51 | |
7608199854 | Bioinformatics | the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data | 52 | |
7608199855 | Genome | all of an organism's genetic material | 53 | |
7608199856 | Genomics | study of whole genomes, including genes and their functions | 54 | |
7608202686 | Negative Feedback | A response to changing conditions that acts to dampen or stop a system's reaction. | 55 | |
7608205211 | Positive Feedback | A control mechanism that amplifies rather than reduces the stimulus | 56 | |
7608205212 | Bacteria | Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls | 57 | |
7608210198 | Archea | Domain of organisms that are able to live in harsh, extreme environments. | 58 | |
7608256304 | Eukarya | a domain made up of all eukaryotes | 59 | |
7608264461 | Charles Darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection the "Father of Evolution" | 60 | |
7608285694 | Qualitative Data | Information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic | 61 | |
7608287683 | Quantitative | relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality | 62 | |
7608301681 | Inductive Reasoning | reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to reach a general conclusion | 63 | |
7608304479 | Deductive Reasoning | To conclude something is true based on facts, definitions | 64 | |
7608312991 | Controlled Experiment | An experiment in which all factors are identical except one | 65 | |
7613389824 | Polar Molecule | one end of the molecule is slightly negative and the other end is slightly positive | 66 | |
7613389825 | Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance | 67 | |
7613392511 | Adhesion | force of attraction between different kinds of molecules | 68 | |
7613392512 | Temperature | A measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance. | 69 | |
7613392513 | Calorie | Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C | 70 | |
7613395942 | KiloCalorie | A unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories. | 71 | |
7613395943 | Joule | the SI unit of energy | 72 | |
7613398451 | Heat of Vaporization | amount of heat necessary to cause a phase transition between a liquid and a gas | 73 | |
7613398452 | Solution | A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another. | 74 | |
7613400561 | Hydrophilic | having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water. | 75 | |
7613400562 | Colloid | a heterogeneous mixture with particles that never settle | 76 | |
7613400563 | Molarity | moles of solute/liters of solution | 77 | |
7613403529 | Acid | A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus red Any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water | 78 | |
7613403530 | Base | A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. A substance that tastes bitter, feel slippery, and turn red litmus blue | 79 | |
7613406392 | Ocean Acidification | process in which carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater lowers the pH level of the ocean | 80 | |
7613406393 | Surface Tension | The uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid | 81 | |
7613409228 | Kinetic Energy | the energy an object has due to its motion | 82 | |
7613409229 | Heat | thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another | 83 | |
7613411519 | Celsius Scale | the temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 C and boils at 100 C | 84 | |
7613413799 | Specific Heat | The amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius | 85 | |
7613413800 | Evaporative Cooling | the process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation | 86 | |
7613415999 | Solvent | A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances | 87 | |
7613421166 | Aqueous Solution | a solution in which water is the solvent | 88 | |
7613421167 | Hydrophobic | tending to repel or fail to mix with water. | 89 | |
7613429146 | Molecular Mass | The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight. | 90 | |
7613431072 | Avogadro's Number | number of representative particles in a mole, 6.02 X 10^23 | 91 | |
7613431073 | pH Scale | A range of values used to express the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution | 92 | |
7613434036 | Buffers | substances that cause a solution to resist changes in pH | 93 | |
7613434037 | Acid Precipitation | rain or snow that has a lower pH than that of normal rainwater | 94 | |
7708661119 | organic chemistry | the study of compounds containing carbon the study of all chemicals containing carbon | 95 | |
7708661120 | hydrocarbons | Organic compounds that are composed of only carbon and hydrogen | 96 | |
7708662811 | isomers | compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties | 97 | |
7708672464 | structural isomers | differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms | 98 | |
7708673983 | cis-trans isomers | have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements | 99 | |
7708673984 | enantiomers | Isomers that are mirror images of each other | 100 | |
7708678494 | functional groups | A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound chemical groups attached to carbon skeletons that give compounds their functionality | 101 | |
7708680064 | hydroxyl | Alcohol | ![]() | 102 |
7708680065 | carbonyl | - Found in sugar - responsible for sugars being so easily dissolved in water | ![]() | 103 |
7708681937 | carboxyl | carboxylic acids, or organic acids | ![]() | 104 |
7708681938 | amino | a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen Building blocks of protein | ![]() | 105 |
7708684217 | sulfhydryl | ![]() | 106 | |
7708684218 | phosphate | PO₄2⁻ | ![]() | 107 |
7708686186 | methyl | -CH 3 (CH3) addition of a methyl group affects expression of genes | ![]() | 108 |
7708686187 | ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work | ![]() | 109 |
Biology AP Cumulative Study Guide Flashcards
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