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Biology Chapter 12 Vocab

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molecules that make up DNA
protein that is bound to DNA and coiled around
when the DNA is coiled around several histones
bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
an enzyme used in separating strands of DNA
an enzyme that binds nucleotides together to form a DNA molecule by following the procedure of base pairing
are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell
RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into the complementary sequence of RNA
Enzyme that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA
intervening sequence of DNA; does not code for a protein
expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon
a sequence of amino acids that make different types of proteins
are changes in the genetic material
mutations involving changes in one or a few nucleotides
mutation that shifts the sequence by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes

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