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Biology in Focus (AP) Chapter 30 Flashcards

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8777644932fertilizationthe union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote0
8777644933carpelthe ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary1
8777644934stamenthe pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament2
8777644935petala modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators3
8777644936sepala modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens4
8777644937receptaclethe base of a flower; the part of the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs5
8777644938ovaryIn flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop6
8777644939stylethe stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top7
8777644940stigma (plural, stigmata)the sticky part of a flower's carpel, which receives pollen grains8
8777644941ovulea structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte9
8777644942pistila single carpel or a group of fused carpels10
8777644943antherIn an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form11
8777644944complete flowera flower that has all four basic floral organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels12
8777644945incomplete flowera flower in which one or more of the four basic floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels) are either absent or nonfunctional13
8777644946inflorescencea group of flowers tightly clustered together14
8777644947ABC hypothesisa model of flower formation identifying three classes of organ identity genes that direct formation of the four types of floral organs15
8777644948embryo sacthe female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nulei16
8777644949megasporea spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte17
8777644950microsporea spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte18
8777644951pollen grainin seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall19
8777644952pollen tubea tube that forms after germination of the pollen grain and that functions in the delivery of sperm to the ovule20
8777644953pollinationthe transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization21
8777644954endospermin angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with tow polar nuclei during double fertilization. The endosperm provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds22
8777644955double fertilizationa mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to form the zygote an endosperm23
8777644956dormancya condition typified by extremely low metabolic rate and a suspension of growth and development24
8777644957seed coata tough outer covering of a seed, formed from the outer coat of an ovule. In a flowering plant, the seed coat encloses and protects the embryo and endosperm25
8777644958hypocotylin an angiosperm embryo, the embryonic axis below the point of attachment of the cotyledon(s) and above the radicle26
8777644959radiclean embryonic root of a plant27
8777644960epicotylin an angiosperm embryo, the embryonic axis above the point of attachment of the cotyledon(s) and below the first pair of miniature leaves28
8777644961coleoptilethe covering of the young shoot of the embryo of a grass seed29
8777644962coleorhizathe covering of the young root of the embryo of a grass seed30
8777644963imbibitionthe physical adsorption of water onto the internal surfaces of structures31
8777644964fruita mature ovary of a flower. The fruit protects dormant seeds and often aids in their dispersal32
8777644965simple fruita fruit derived from a single carpel or several fused carpels33
8777644966aggregate fruita fruit derived from a single flower that has more than one carpel34
8777644967multiple fruita fruit derived from an entire inflorescence35
8777644968accessory fruita fruit, or assemblage of fruits, in which the fleshy parts are derived largely or entirely from tissues other than the ovary36
8777644969asexual reproductionthe generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes (by budding, division of a single cell, or division of the entire organism into two or more parts). In most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent37
8777644970fragmentationa means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals38
8777644971apomixisthe ability of some plant species to reproduce asexually through seeds without fertilization by a male gamete39
8777644972vegetative reproductioncloning of plants in nature40
8777644973dioeciousin plant biology, having the male and female reproductive parts on different individuals of the same species41
8777644974self-incompatibilitythe ability of a seed plant to reject its own pollen and sometimes the pollen of closely related individuals42
8777644975totipotentdescribing a cell that can give rise to all parts of the embryo and adult, as well as extraembryonic membranes in species that have them43
8777644976vegetative propagationcloning of plants by humans44
8777644977callusa mass of dividing, undifferentiated cells growing in culture45
8777644978stockthe plat that provides the root system when making a graft46
8777644979scionthe twig grafted onto the stock when making a graft47
8777644980transgenicpertaining to an organism whose genome contains a gene introduced from another organism of the same or a different species48
8777644981biofuela fuel produced from biomass49
8777644982biomassthe total mass of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a particular habitat50

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