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| 794553869 | Binary Fission | Division of prokaryotic cells; produces 2 cells | 0 | |
| 794553870 | chromatids | one half of a replicated chromosome | 1 | |
| 794553871 | centromere | point at which 2 chromatids are connected | 2 | |
| 794553872 | homologous chromosomes | the chromosomes have the same size, same shape, and same genetic information. | 3 | |
| 794553873 | sex chromosomes | determines the sex of an organism | 4 | |
| 794553874 | prophase | first phase of mitosis | 5 | |
| 794553875 | cytokinesis | splitting of cytoplasm | 6 | |
| 794553876 | adenine | compliments thymine | 7 | |
| 794553877 | guanine | compliments cytosine | 8 | |
| 794553878 | cytosine | compliments guanine | 9 | |
| 794553879 | uracil | compliments adenine | 10 | |
| 794553880 | nitrogenous bases | base that contains nitrogen it; is either a purine or pyrimidine (4 of them) | 11 | |
| 794553881 | codon | three nucleotide sequence found on mRNA | 12 | |
| 794553882 | deoxyribose | sugar found in DNA. | 13 | |
| 794553883 | helicase | enzymes that separate the DNA strings | 14 | |
| 794553884 | nucleotide | made of a phosphate, sugar, and a base. | 15 | |
| 794553885 | purine | made of 2 rings | 16 | |
| 794553886 | Complete dominance | when both alleles are dominant Example:RR or Rr | 17 | |
| 794553887 | Incomplete Dominance | neither alleles completely dominant over the other resulting in three outcomes. | 18 | |
| 794553888 | F1 generation | offspring of parents, stands for 1st felilie | 19 | |
| 794553889 | F2 generation | offspring of F, stands for 2nd felilie | 20 | |
| 794553890 | nondisjunction | when homologous chromosomes fail to separate | 21 | |
| 794553891 | germ cell mutation | when a sex cell (gamete) has a mutation | 22 | |
| 794553892 | somatic cell mutation | mutation in a body cell | 23 | |
| 794553893 | homozygous | both alleles of the gene pair are the same ex:HH or hh | 24 | |
| 794553894 | heterozygous | when both alleles of the gene pair are different ex: Hh | 25 | |
| 794553895 | dominant | the gene that masks ex:HH or Hh | 26 | |
| 794553896 | recessive | the gene that is masked, it's being covered ex:Hh | 27 | |
| 794553897 | genotype | genetic make up | 28 | |
| 794553898 | phenotype | physical appearance | 29 | |
| 794553899 | monohybrid cross | a cross dealing with one characteristic | 30 | |
| 794553900 | sex chromosomes for a female and male | XX= Female XY= Male | 31 | |
| 794553901 | Sex linked trait | trait linked to a sex chromosome (can be on both X or Y) ex: hemophilia | 32 | |
| 794553902 | father of genetics | gregor mendel, did his study on pea plants | 33 | |
| 794553903 | What shape represents a female? | Circle | 34 | |
| 794553904 | What shape represents a male? | square | 35 | |
| 794948655 | A blood type | IA IA or IA i | 36 | |
| 794948656 | B blood type | IB IB or IB i | 37 | |
| 794948657 | O blood type | ii | 38 | |
| 794948658 | AB blood type | IA IB | 39 | |
| 794948659 | Universal donor | O | 40 | |
| 794948660 | Universal Recipient | AB | 41 | |
| 794948661 | James Watson & Francis Crick | The Nobel Prize was given to these men for writing a paper saying that DNA was a double helix. | 42 | |
| 794948662 | Rosalind Franklin | She was not credited with the Nobel Prize because she died. She was an expert in X-ray crystallography. | 43 | |
| 794948663 | The primary function of DNA in cells is to | store information that tells the cells which proteins to make. | 44 | |
| 794948664 | The two strands of DNA molecule are held together by | Hydrogen bonds | 45 | |
| 794948665 | According to the base-pairing rules, guanine binds with | Cytosine | 46 | |
| 794948666 | Which of the following is NOT a correct structure of a nucleotide? | Adenine--ribose--phosphate | 47 | |
| 794948667 | Before replication can take place, | the two strands of DNA must separate. | 48 | |
| 794948668 | Replication of the two DNA strands takes place | in two different directions | 49 | |
| 794948669 | In replication in prokaryotes, | two replication forks move on opposite directions | 50 | |
| 794948670 | A mutation is a | change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA | 51 | |
| 794948671 | Which of following enzymes is involved with breaking hydrogen bonds? | DNA helicase | 52 | |
| 794948672 | A protein is a polymer consisting of a specific sequence of | amino acids | 53 | |
| 794948673 | The genetic code specifies the correlation between | an RNA-nucleotide sequence and an amino-acid sequence. | 54 | |
| 794948674 | During translation, one end of a tRNA molecule pairs with a complementary | mRNA codon | 55 | |
| 794948675 | In eukaryotic cells, RNA is copied from DNA in the | nucleus | 56 | |
| 794948676 | Two amino acids are linked by a peptide bond when | two tRNAs pair with neighboring codons on an mRNA transcript. | 57 | |
| 794948677 | During cell division, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into | chromosomes | 58 | |
| 794948678 | Between cell divisions, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is uncoiled and spread out; in this form it is called | chromatin | 59 | |
| 794948679 | The chromosomes of most prokaryotes consist of proteins and | a singular circular DNA molecule. | 60 | |
| 794948680 | Humans have 46 chromosomes in all cells except sperm and egg cells. How many of these chromosomes are autosomes? | 44 | 61 | |
| 794948681 | If an organism has a diploid, or 2n, number 16, how many chromosomes do its sperm and egg cells contain? | 8 | 62 | |
| 794948682 | Prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process called | binary fission | 63 | |
| 794948683 | In eukaryotic cells, DNA is copied during a phase of the cell cycle called | S phase | 64 | |
| 794948684 | The cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides by a process called | cytokinesis | 65 | |
| 794948685 | The fibers that extend from centromere to centromere during mitosis are | polar fibers | 66 | |
| 794948686 | In the G 0 phase, cells | exit from the cell cycle | 67 | |
| 794948687 | During synapsis, the | chromosomes line up next to their homologues | 68 | |
| 794948688 | During crossing-over, portions of chromatids | break off and attach to adjacent chromosomes on the homologous chromosomes | 69 | |
| 794948689 | In which phase of meiosis do tetrads form? | prophase I | 70 | |
| 794948690 | Meiosis II | separates chromatids into opposite poles of the cell | 71 | |
| 794948691 | in oogenesis, a diploid reproductive cell divides meiotically to produce | one haploid gamete | 72 | |
| 794948692 | Mitosis | 1. Starts with one diploid cell and ends with two diploid cells 2. Produces somatic (body) cells 3. One division | 73 | |
| 794948693 | Meiosis | 1. Start with one diploid cell and end with four haploid cells. 2. Produces gametes (sex) cells 3. Two divisions | 74 | |
| 794948694 | Mendel obtained plants that were true-breeding for particular traits by | allowing plants to self-pollinate for several generations | 75 | |
| 794948695 | When Mendel crossed a strain of tall pea plants with a strain of short pea plants, he observed that all the plants in the F1 generation were tall. This suggests that | the tall trait was contolled by a dominant factor. | 76 | |
| 794948696 | A cross between true-breeding green-podded pea plants and true-breeding yellow-podded pea plants produces only green-podded plants. When the F1 generation is allowed to self-pollinate, the F2 generation consists of | about three-quarters green-podded plants and one-quarter yellow-podded plants. | 77 | |
| 794948697 | When alleles for different characteristics are on separate chromosomes, they are distributed to gametes independently. This observation is summarized by the law of | independent assortment | 78 | |
| 794948698 | The appearance of an organism is its | phenotype | 79 | |
| 794948699 | A genetic cross performed many times produces 798 long-stemmed plants and 266 short-stemmed plants. The probability of obtaining a short stem plant in a similar cross is | 266/1064 | 80 | |
| 794948700 | A monohybrid cross of two individuals that are heterozygous for a trait exhibiting complete dominance would probably result in a phenotypic ratio of | 3 dominant: 1 recessive | 81 | |
| 794948701 | To determine the genotype of an individual that shows the dominant phenotype, you would cross the individual with one that is | homozygous recessive | 82 | |
| 794948702 | In a dihybrid cross between an individual with the genotype RRYY and an individual with the genotype rryy, all of the offspring will have the genotype | RrYr | 83 | |
| 794948703 | Genes that belong to the same linkage group tend to be | inherited together | 84 | |
| 794948704 | Two genes that are one map unit apart are separated by crossing-over | 1% of the time | 85 | |
| 794948705 | Mutations that can be inherited arise in | germ cells | 86 | |
| 794948706 | Which of the following sequences could result from an inversion of the sequence GAGACATT? | GATACAGT | 87 | |
| 794948707 | Which of the following is a point mutation that does not produce a frameshift? | substitution | 88 | |
| 794948708 | Which individual(s) in the pedigree shown below must be a carrier? | both 1 and 4 | 89 | |
| 794948709 | Since the ABO blood group alleles are codominant, an individual with the genotype IA IB will have blood type | AB | 90 | |
| 794948710 | Which of the following human traits is not a polygenic trait? | ABO blood type | 91 | |
| 794948711 | In humans, PKU can be treated by | diet | 92 | |
| 796088603 | Modern version of Linneaus classification system | Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species | 93 | |
| 796088604 | Scientific Name for humans | Homo sapiens | 94 | |
| 796088605 | Domain and Kingdom for Humans | Eukarya;Animalia | 95 | |
| 796088606 | Gram Negative | Takes up second stain (safranin O) Appears pink Thin layer of peptidoglycan | 96 | |
| 796088607 | Gram Positive | Retain the intial stain (crystal violet) Appears purple Thick layer of peptidoglycan | 97 | |
| 796088608 | Bacillus | rod shaped | 98 | |
| 796088609 | Coccus | sphere shaped | 99 | |
| 796088610 | Spirillus | spiral shaped | 100 | |
| 796088611 | Aristotle classified animals on the basis of | where they lived. | 101 | |
| 796088612 | The main criterion used in Linnaeus's system of classification is an organism's | morphology | 102 | |
| 796088613 | Each subset within a class of organisms is called a(n) | order | 103 | |
| 796088614 | In the scientific name of an organism, the first part is the | genus | 104 | |
| 796088615 | The species name of the pangolin is | Manis temminckii (italicized) | 105 | |
| 796088616 | The organisms that live in hostile environments that cannot support other forms of life are members of the domain | Archaea | 106 | |
| 796088617 | Amoebas and paramecia belong to the kingdom | Protista | 107 | |
| 796088618 | mushrooms, puffballs, mildews, and som emolds belong to the kingdom | Fungi | 108 | |
| 796088619 | the domain that includes the oldest known fossil cells is called | Eukarya | 109 | |
| 796088620 | The domain Eukarya includes | protists, fungi, plants, and animals. | 110 | |
| 796088621 | Fossil evidence indicates that the earliest prokaryotes on Earth lived about | 2.5 billion years ago. | 111 | |
| 796088622 | Which of the following types of bacteria would you most likely find in very salty water? | halophile | 112 | |
| 796088623 | Archaea and Bacteria are placed in separate domains because | their rRNA sequences are different. | 113 | |
| 796173221 | Actinmycetes are | Gram-positive bacteria that form branching filaments. | 114 | |
| 796173222 | Which of the followin gtypes of bacteria would you be most likely to find in the human intestinal tract | enteric bacterium | 115 | |
| 796173223 | One structure you would not find in a bacterial cell is a | mitochondrion | 116 | |
| 796173224 | Which of the following is not a method of movement used by bacteria? | forceful expulsion of water from contractile vacoules. | 117 | |
| 796173225 | Photoautotrophic bacteria obtain energy | from the sun. | 118 | |
| 796173226 | Which types of bacteria can live in the presence of oxygen? | only obligate aerobes and faculative anaerobes. | 119 | |
| 796173227 | The process by which two living bacteria bind together and transfer genetic information is called | conjugation. | 120 | |
| 796173228 | One bacterial disease that is transmitted by contaminated water is | cholera | 121 | |
| 796173229 | A poison that is released from th eouter membrane of dead Gram-negative bacteria is called | an endotoxin. | 122 | |
| 796173230 | Which of the folloeing is not a way that bacteria cause disease in humans? | conjugating with human cells. | 123 | |
| 796173231 | Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics by | acquiring an R-plasmid for resistance. | 124 | |
| 796173232 | One of the postive ways bacteria affect our lives is by | helping to clean up oil spills. | 125 | |
| 796173233 | Viruses are not alive because | all of the above. (do not grow, lack cell parts, do not metabloize) | 126 | |
| 796173234 | Viruses can reproduce | only within host cells. | 127 | |
| 796173235 | The enzyme reverse transcriptase uses | RNA as a template to make DNA. | 128 | |
| 796173236 | The grouping of viruses is based partly on the | presence or absence of an envelope | 129 | |
| 796173237 | Phage DNA that is integrated into host cell's chromosomes is a | prophage | 130 | |
| 796173238 | One viral disease that can occur in childhood and then reappear in adulthood in a more serious form is | chickenpox | 131 | |
| 796173239 | The most successful approach to controlling viral diseases has been the use of | vaccines | 132 | |
| 796173240 | Which of the following viral diseases is now considered to be eradicated? | smallpox | 133 | |
| 796173241 | An emerging virus is one that arises | when isolated habitats are developed by humans. | 134 | |
| 796173242 | A disease-causing particle made of RNA without a capsule is called | a viroid. | 135 | |
| 796173243 | Mucus serves as a nonspecific defense to pathogens by | capturing pathogens | 136 | |
| 796173244 | Which of the following statements is false? | Fever activates cellular enzymes. | 137 | |
| 796173245 | Macrophages | all of the above (are white blood cells, cross blood-vessel walls, engulf and destroy large pathogens) | 138 | |
| 796173246 | Natural killer cells are | none of the above (specialized red blood cells, infected cells, phagocytes) | 139 | |
| 796173247 | AN inflammatory response is initiated by | pathogens | 140 | |
| 796173248 | Which of the following are not lymphocytes? | macrophages | 141 | |
| 796173249 | Bone marrow is considered part of the immune system because it | produces white blood cells. | 142 | |
| 796173250 | B cells | are involved with the humoral immune response. | 143 | |
| 796173251 | Interleukins are secreted by | helper T cells. | 144 | |
| 796173252 | Cell-mediated immune response require | helper T cells. | 145 | |
| 796173253 | A diagnosis of AIDS is made when a person has | few T cells | 146 | |
| 796173254 | Which of the following is a route of HIW transmission? | sharing of hypodermic needles | 147 | |
| 796173255 | The most common means of HIV transmission is | sexual intercourse with a person infected with HIV. | 148 | |
| 796173256 | Vaccines against HIV are difficult to design because HIV | changes rapidly. | 149 | |
| 796173257 | HIV begins to reproduce | shortly after infection. | 150 | |
| 796173258 | What does macrophage mean? | big-eater | 151 | |
| 796173259 | What type of chemical do vaccines produce? | anitbodies | 152 | |
| 796173260 | Protozoans are members of the kingdom | Protista | 153 | |
| 796173261 | One characteristic that is not found in any protozoan is | multicellularity | 154 | |
| 796173262 | All protists are capable of | either asexual of sexual reproduction | 155 | |
| 796173263 | All of the following are structures used for protist movement except | zoospores | 156 | |
| 796173264 | Protists are thought to have evolved from | ancient prokaryotes | 157 | |
| 796173265 | Amoebas move by means of a process known as | cytoplasmic streaming | 158 | |
| 796173266 | Which of the following is formed from the tests of dead sacrodines? | limestone | 159 | |
| 796173267 | Sexual reproduction in ciliates involves | the exchange of haploid micronuclei between two individuals. | 160 | |
| 796173268 | One disease caused by a mastigophoran is | sleeping sickness | 161 | |
| 796173269 | Most species in the phylum Apicomplexa are | parasitic and have complex life styles. | 162 | |
| 796173270 | Algae differ frm protozoans in that algae are | photosynthetic | 163 | |
| 796173271 | The body portion of seaweed is called | thallus | 164 | |
| 796173272 | Algae are classified into phyla based on all the following except their | presence or absence of flagella | 165 | |
| 796173273 | A plasmodial slime mold will generally form a fruiting body when | food or water is scarce. | 166 | |
| 796173274 | Separate sperm-containing and egg-containing structures are produced by | water molds | 167 | |
| 796173275 | Which of the following statements accurately describes animals? | All animals are multicellular, all are heterotrophic, and all lack cell walls. | 168 | |
| 796173276 | An animal's ability to move results from the interrelationship between | nervous tissue and muscle tissue | 169 | |
| 796173277 | Scientists infer that the first invertebrates evolved from | colonial protists | 170 | |
| 796173278 | Cephalization is associated with | bilaterally symmetrical animals | 171 | |
| 796173279 | A body cavity aids in an animal's movement by | providing a firm structure against which muscles can contract. | 172 | |
| 796173280 | In a closed circulatory system, | blood circulates through the body in tubular vessels. | 173 | |
| 796173281 | A gut is a | digestive tract that runs through the body. | 174 | |
| 796173282 | A hermaphrodite is an organism that | produces both male and female gametes. | 175 | |
| 796173283 | The moist skin of an amphibian funtions as | a respiratory organ. | 176 | |
| 796173284 | Development of zygotes outside the body of the female paretn is a charecteristic of | many fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. | 177 | |
| 796173285 | Invertebrates are animals that lack | a backbone | 178 | |
| 796173286 | Adult sponges are sessile, which means that they | attach to a surface and do not move. | 179 | |
| 796173287 | Choanocytes perform all of the following except | distributing nutirents throughout the rest of the body. | 180 | |
| 796173288 | Sponges eliminate carbon dioxide and cellular wastes by | allowing them to diffuse into the water that passes through the sponge. | 181 | |
| 796173289 | After a sponge egg is fertilized, it develops into a(n) | larva. | 182 | |
| 796173290 | Cnidarians and ctenophores are more complec than sponges because, unlike sponges, they have | tissues and organs | 183 | |
| 796173291 | The structure that coordinate the complex activities of a cnidarian's body is the | nerve net | 184 | |
| 796173292 | An example of a cnidarian in the class Hydrozoa is a | Portuguese man-of-war | 185 | |
| 796173293 | Corals exist in a symbiotic relationship with | algae | 186 | |
| 796173294 | Ctenophores move through the water by | beating their cilia | 187 | |
| 796173295 | Asymmetry | no symmetry | 188 | |
| 796173296 | Bilateral | two equal halves | 189 | |
| 796173297 | Cephalization | definite anterior end | 190 | |
| 796173298 | Coelom | body cavity | 191 | |
| 796173299 | Eukaryotic | membrane bound nucleus and organelles | 192 | |
| 796173300 | Exoskeleton | rigged outer covering that protects organs | 193 | |
| 796173301 | Heterotrophic | rely on other organisms for food | 194 | |
| 796173302 | Multicellular | many cells | 195 | |
| 796173303 | Pseudo | "fake"; false | 196 |
