Terms : Hide Images
| 5255678595 | polarity | Molecules having uneven distribution of charges |  | 0 |
| 5255682044 | hydroxyl group | A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water (polar) |  | 1 |
| 5255688060 | amino group | A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Found in amino acids. |  | 2 |
| 5255692459 | phosphate group | A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms. Found in nucleic acids and ATP (among other things) |  | 3 |
| 5255832646 | hydrophilic | Attracted to water; polar |  | 4 |
| 5255840537 | hydrophobic | Having an aversion to water; nonpolar | | 5 |
| 5255856793 | condensation | A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction. |  | 6 |
| 5255861752 | hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water |  | 7 |
| 5255944621 | carbohydrate | Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of CH2O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose); main source of energy in living things |  | 8 |
| 5255962023 | starch | A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose. |  | 9 |
| 5255966245 | glycogen | An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. |  | 10 |
| 5255969372 | cellulose | A large polysaccharide composed of many glucose monomers linked into cable-like fibrils that provide structural support in plant cell walls. |  | 11 |
| 5255953871 | lipid | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |  | 12 |
| 5255981473 | saturated fat | A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms; solid at room temperature |  | 13 |
| 5255985365 | unsaturated fat | A lipid that has fewer hydrogen atoms because double bonds exist among some of the carbon atoms; liquid at room temperature | | 14 |
| 5296990033 | 1st Law of Thermodynamics | Energy can neither be created nor destroyed |  | 15 |
| 5297010807 | 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | Entropy (disorder) will increase in a system over time |  | 16 |
| 5297013137 | endergonic/endothermic reaction | Reaction that absorbs free energy/heat from its surroundings. |  | 17 |
| 5297014184 | exergonic/exothermic reaction | Reaction that releases free energy/heat. |  | 18 |
| 5297014805 | catabolic reaction | Complex molecules are broken down to simpler ones and energy is released; i.e. hydrolysis reactions |  | 19 |
| 5297101209 | anabolic reaction | Building a large macromolecule from smaller subunits, requiring energy; i.e. condensation/dehydration reactions |  | 20 |
| 5297227170 | metabolism | All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism | 21 | |
| 5297229606 | nucleic acids | Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus; used as genetic information |  | 22 |
| 5298245399 | purines | Bases with a double-ring structure; adenine and guanine |  | 23 |
| 5298246593 | pyrimidines | Bases with a single-ring structure; thymine, cytosine, and uracil |  | 24 |
| 5318940534 | antiparallel | The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix. |  | 25 |
| 5297234856 | protein | A macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; performs a variety of structural and regulatory functions for cells | 26 | |
| 5297269654 | primary structure | the basic sequence of amino acids |  | 27 |
| 5297269655 | secondary structure | The folding of the backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bond formation between amino acids; forms alpha helices and beta pleated sheets |  | 28 |
| 5297271006 | tertiary structure | Structure of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges; consists of multiple secondary structures |  | 29 |
| 5297269656 | quaternary structure | The protein shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits. i.e. hemoglobin has four smaller subunits |  | 30 |
| 5297240425 | enzymes | Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things; lower the activation energy of a reaction |  | 31 |
| 5297245028 | substrate | A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme |  | 32 |
| 5297248505 | active site | The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds and a chemical reaction occurs. |  | 33 |
| 5297250783 | competitive inhibitor | A substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by entering the active site in place of the substrate whose structure it mimics. |  | 34 |
| 5297252032 | allosteric regulation | When a protein's function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site. |  | 35 |
| 5297253505 | coenzyme | an ORGANIC compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme |  | 36 |
| 5297260046 | cofactor | any general compound that is needed for an enzyme to function |  | 37 |
