Terms : Hide Images
| More difficult for organisms to survive in smaller environments. | ||
| Maximum population size a particular environment can support. | ||
| Traits selected that helps organisms to survive in crowded environments (defensive eating) | ||
| Traits selected that help organisms survive in uncrowded environments | ||
| Single reproductive opportunity to reproduce a large number of offspring (big bang reproduction) | ||
| (repeated reproduction) large number of offspring over many years | ||
| total primary production of an ecosystem | ||
| equal to gross productivity minus energy used by primary producers for respiration | ||
| decomposer, consumes nonliving organic material | ||
| herbivore, organism that eats plants or algae | ||
| carnivores that eat herbivores | ||
| carnivores that eat other carnivores | ||
| autotroph, usually a photosynthetic organism, first tropic level | ||
| Organism that eats herbivores. | ||
| Organism that eats primary carnivores. | ||
| step in the movement of energy through an ecosystem; an organism's feeding status in an ecosystem. | ||
| (+/-) predator eats prey | ||
| (-/-) both organisms work for same resources | ||
| (+/o) one organism benefits the other is neither helped or harmed | ||
| (+/+) both organisms are helped | ||
| bright coloration indicates poisonous to predators | ||
| coloration that allows organism to blend into surrounding environment | ||
| a defense in which one organism resembles another that is dangerous or poisonous | ||
| mutual mimicry (bees and hornets) 2 dangerous species mimic each other | ||
| 1 harmless species mimics a dangerous species | ||
| Tendency for a characteristic to be divergent when two different species are living sympatrically | ||
| 2 similar species compete for the same resources, one population uses resources more efficiently will eliminate the other species | ||
| the sum total of a species' use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment | ||
| the entire range of conditions an organism can tolerate | ||
| the part of its fundamental niche that a species actually occupies | ||
| foraging behavior is compromise a between feeding costs vs. feeding benefits | ||
| division of resources/niches by coexisting species | ||
| No two species with similar needs for the same limiting resources can co-exist in the same place at the same time. | ||
| when competition between two species causes a change in habit to access a wider range of resources; this may include accessing suboptimal resources | ||
| process by which a community arises in a virtually lifeless area with no soil | ||
| succession that occurs after previous community is cleared but leaves soil in tact | ||
| old is at most risk of death (humans) | ||
| the entire age range has an equal risk of death (eagles) | ||
| young have greatest risk of death (trees) | ||
| increase of population in an ideal environment (not natural) | ||
| population growth that levels off as population reaches maximum carrying capactiy | ||
| quickly appear when opportunities arise ,many weeds | ||
| Anything that limits (restricts) the size of a population | ||
| an innate behavior that occurs as an unchangeable sequence of actions | ||
| decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation | ||
| form of reasoning that allows animals to use past experiences to solve new problems | ||
| a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned | ||
| learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior | ||
| a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. | ||
| the area on and around Earth where life exists | ||
| Groups of organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other | ||
| all the living and nonliving things that interact in an area | ||
| individual living thing | ||
| localized group of individuals that belong to the same species |
