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| 7400483126 | Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids | Name the 4 types of macromolecules |  | 0 |
| 7400483127 | Metabolism | All the chemical conversions that occur within a cell Metabolism = anabolism + catabolism |  | 1 |
| 7400483128 | Catabolism | Conversion of complex organic molecules into smaller molecules by breaking chemical bonds |  | 2 |
| 7400483129 | Anabolism | Conversion of small organic molecules by forming chemical bonds between smaller molecules |  | 3 |
| 7400483130 | Hydrolysis | Pocess that is the reverse of dehydration synthesis. In __________, or water breakage, the bond between monomers is broken by the addition of a water molecule. |  | 4 |
| 7400483131 | Dehydration synthesis | Reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded, with the loss of a water molecule |  | 5 |
| 7400483132 | Polymers | Long molecules consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. |  | 6 |
| 7400483133 | Glycosidic linkage | In carbohydrates, monosaccharides are joined together in a covalent bond called __________ _______. |  | 7 |
| 7400483134 | Monosaccharides | Carbohydrates are made up of _______________. |  | 8 |
| 7400483135 | Monosaccharide | The monomer in a carbohydrate is a(n) ______________. EX: Glucose | | 9 |
| 7400483136 | Disaccharide | Two monosaccharides covalently bonded form a ____________. EX: Sucrose |  | 10 |
| 7400483137 | Polysaccharide | Three or more monosaccharides linked together form a ______________. |  | 11 |
| 7400483138 | Glycosidic linkage | The bond in a carbohydrate is a(n) __________ _______. | | 12 |
| 7400483139 | Chitin; cellulose | Two examples of structural carbohydrates are ______ and _________. |  | 13 |
| 7400483140 | Cellulose | Polymer of β glucose monomers that is found in plant cell walls |  | 14 |
| 7400483141 | Glycogen; starch | Stored carbohydrate in an animal is called ________; in a plant, it is ______. |  | 15 |
| 7400483142 | α glucose | Starch and glycogen are polymers of ________ molecules. | | 16 |
| 7400483143 | Polymers | Lipids are the only large biological molecules that do not form __________. |  | 17 |
| 7400483144 | Lipids | Cushioning of organs, insulation, and energy storage are three functions of ___________. |  | 18 |
| 7400483145 | Glycerol; fatty acid chains | Triglyceride is composed of a ______ and three ____ _____ ______. |  | 19 |
| 7400483146 | Unsaturated fats | Fats with one or more double covalent bonds, which is less likely to solidify and more flexible. |  | 20 |
| 7400483147 | Phospholipid | Basic structural component of cell membranes, with a polar/hydrophilic head region and a nonpolar/hydrophobic tail region, giving membranes their selective permeability. |  | 21 |
| 7400483148 | Steroid | Lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of hydrogen-fused rings. |  | 22 |
| 7400483152 | Amino acid | The monomer in a protein is a(n) _____ ____. |  | 23 |
| 7400483153 | Amino; carboxyl; R | Amino acids are formed of a(n) _____ group with a(n) ________ group and a(n) _ group side chain. |  | 24 |
| 7400483154 | 20 | # different amino acids which can assemble according to genetic code to make different proteins. |  | 25 |
| 7400483155 | Peptide | In a _______ bond, the ---COOH group in one amino acid loses an ---OH and the ---NH2 group in another amino acid loses a H. |  | 26 |
| 7400483156 | Polypeptide | The polymer in a protein is a(n) ___________. |  | 27 |
| 7400483157 | 3D structure | The amino acid sequence ultimately determine the __ _________ of proteins. |  | 28 |
| 7400483158 | Structure | A protein's _________ determines its function. |  | 29 |
| 7400483159 | Primary | At the _______ level of protein structure, a linear sequence of amino acids is joined by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide. |  | 30 |
| 7400483160 | Secondary | At the _________ level of protein structure, hydrogen bonds form between the partial positive hydrogen atom of amine groups and the partial negative oxygen atom of carboxyl groups. |  | 31 |
| 7400483161 | β Pleated Sheet | __ ___________ ______________ are a secondary structure found in proteins. |  | 32 |
| 7400483162 | α Helix | ___ ___________ are a secondary structure found in proteins. |  | 33 |
| 7400483163 | Tertiary | At the ________ level of protein structure, various chemical associations in precise regions of a polypeptide cause it to fold into a 3D shape that will determine its function. |  | 34 |
| 7400483164 | Quaternary | At the __________ level of protein structure, 2 to 4 completely formed polypeptides combine. |  | 35 |
| 7400483165 | Sickle cell anemia | In this disease, one amino acid at the primary level (valine) replaces glutamic acid and the result is a distorted shape at the subsequent levels. |  | 36 |
| 7400483166 | Hormonal | Insulin and glucagon are examples of _________ proteins. |  | 37 |
| 7400483167 | Receptor | ________ proteins are embedded in all membranes and allow cells to interact with molecules and other cells. |  | 38 |
| 7400483168 | Contractile/Movement | ___________ proteins, such as actin and myosin, are found in muscle cells. |  | 39 |
| 7400483169 | Transport | _____________ proteins move molecules into and out of cells. |  | 40 |
| 7400483170 | Defensive | _________ proteins, like antibodies, are produced in response to antigens and bind to them. |  | 41 |
| 7400483171 | Denaturation | Excessive heat can cause ____________, in which a protein unravels and loses its native shape. |  | 42 |
| 7400483172 | Chaperonins | Assist in the proper folding of the protein by keeping the polypeptide segregated from disruptive chemical conditions in the cytoplasmic and create a hydrophilic environment for folding polypeptides |  | 43 |
| 7400483173 | Nucleotides | Nucleic acids are composed of ___________. |  | 44 |
| 7400483174 | Polynucleotide | The polymer in a nucleic acid is a(n) ______________. |  | 45 |
| 7400483175 | Phosphodiester bonds | Nucleotides link together via ________ _____ to form nucleic acid. |  | 46 |
| 7400483176 | Ribose | The sugar in RNA is ______. |  | 47 |
| 7400483177 | deoxyribose | The sugar in DNA is ______. |  | 48 |
| 7400483178 | A, T, C, G | The nitrogenous bases in DNA are ____. | 49 | |
| 7400483179 | A, U, C, G | The nitrogenous bases in RNA are ____. | 50 | |
| 7400483180 | Hydrogen | Nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA form complementary base pairs by forming ____________ bonds. | 51 | |
| 7400483181 | sugars; phosphate groups | The backbone of DNA and RNA molecules is composed of alternating _____________ and ______________. |  | 52 |
