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| 7817570003 | plasma membrane | a microscopic membrane of phospholipids and proteins that form the external boundary and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. |  | 0 |
| 7817570004 | selectively permeable | means it allows some substances to cross it more easily than others |  | 1 |
| 7817570005 | phospholipids | The plasma membrane is made up of these lipid molecules. The phosphate head is the negatively-charged polar head, which is hydrophilic. The 2 fatty acid chain/tails are the uncharged, nonpolar tails, which are hydrophobic. |  | 2 |
| 7817570008 | transmembrane proteins | integral protein completely spans the membrane. |  | 3 |
| 7817570009 | integral proteins | proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer. |  | 4 |
| 7817570010 | peripheral proteins | proteins that are not embedded in the lipid bilayer (Peripheral = of, relating to, or situated on the edge. |  | 5 |
| 7817570011 | cell-cell recognition | is one of the ways by which cells communicate with one another. It is possible through specific cellular adhesion molecules on the surface of the cell. |  | 6 |
| 7817570013 | channel proteins | transport proteins that certain molecules or ions use as a tunnel to cross the plasma membrane. |  | 7 |
| 7817570015 | carrier proteins | transport proteins that bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane. |  | 8 |
| 7817570016 | diffusion | the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. |  | 9 |
| 7817570018 | passive transport | transport that requires no energy input from the cell |  | 10 |
| 7817570019 | osmosis | the diffusion of water across a the cell membrane |  | 11 |
| 7817570021 | isotonic | Water enters and leaves the cell at the same rate, so no net change in the osmotic pressere. The cell stays the same. |  | 12 |
| 7817570022 | hypertonic | when the cell is immersed in a hypertonic solution where it loses water to its environment, shrivels and probably dies. |  | 13 |
| 7817570023 | hypotonic | when a cell is immersed in a Hypotonic solution, water enters the cell faster than it leaves, it swells and lyses (explodes) like an overfilled water balloon. |  | 14 |
| 7817570024 | osmoregulation | the control of solute concentrations and water balance |  | 15 |
| 7817570025 | Paramecium | a single-celled organism that lives in pond water. It has a contractile vacuole that pumps out excess water from the organism. |  | 16 |
| 7817570026 | turgid | when the plant cell is very firm, which is a healthy state for most plant cells. |  | 17 |
| 7817570027 | flaccid | limp, not firm or strong (If a plant is not watered enough, its leaves become droopy and flaccid.) |  | 18 |
| 7817570028 | plasmolysis | This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact. The plasma membrane pulls away from the wall; causes the plant to wilt |  | 19 |
| 7817570029 | facilitated diffusion | the passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient H-->L, with the help of transport proteins. |  | 20 |
| 7817570031 | active transport | to pump molecules across the cell membrane against its concentration gradient L--> H, requires energy (ATP) |  | 21 |
| 7817570032 | sodium-potassium pump | transport protein that, translocating the bound solute across the membrane. Exchanges sodium ions (Na) for potassium ions (K) across the plasma membrane of animal cells. |  | 22 |
| 7817570033 | proton pumps | A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that is capable of moving protons (H+) across the membrane. |  | 23 |
| 7817570035 | endocytosis | Type of Bulk Transport--process of actively transporting large molecules into the cell by engulfing it with its membrane. |  | 24 |
| 7817570034 | exocytosis | Type of Bulk Transport--fusion of a vesicle's membrane with the cell membrane and releasing its contents to the outside |  | 25 |
| 7817570036 | phagocytosis | the ingestion of bacteria or other material by cells such as amoebas. "Cell Eating" |  | 26 |
| 7817570037 | pinocytosis | the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. "Cell Drinking" |  | 27 |
| 7817570038 | receptor-mediated endocytosis | is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, other proteins - and in some cases viruses - (endocytosis) by the inward budding of the plasma membrane vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites specific to the molecules being taken in. |  | 28 |
