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Campbell Biology 7th Edition Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards

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468836576Acida substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution0
468836577Aqueous Solutiona solution in which water is the solvent1
468836578Atomic Numberthe number of protons in each atom of a particular element2
468836579Chemical Bondan attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.3
468836580Compounda substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio4
468836581Electron Shellan energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom5
468836582Evaporative Coolingthe process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation6
468836583Ionan atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge7
468836584Mass Numberthe sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus8
468836585Ocean Acidificationdecreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric Co2 from the burning of fossil fuels9
468836586Polar Moleculea molecule containing polar covalent bonds and having an unequal distribution of charges10
468836587Radioactive Isotopean isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy11
468836588Solutea substance that is dissolved in a solution12
468836589Surface Tensiona measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid13
468836590Acid Precipitationrain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.214
468836591Atomthe smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element15
468836592Basea substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution16
468836593Chemical Reactionthe making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter17
468836594Covalent Bonda strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons18
468836595Electronegativitythe attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond19
468836596Heatthermal energy20
468836597Ionic Bonda chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions21
468836598Matteranything that occupies space and has mass22
468836599Nonpolar covalent Bonda covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity23
468836600pH Scalea measure of the relative acidity of a solution, ranging in value from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic). The letters "pH" stand for potential hydrogen and refer to the concentration of hydrogen ions.24
468836601Productan ending material in a chemical reaction25
468836602Reactanta starting material in a chemical reaction26
468836603Solutiona liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances27
468836604Temperaturea measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy or speed of molecules28
468836605Adhesionthe attraction between different kinds of molecules29
468836606Atomic Massthe total mass of an atom; also called atomic weight. given as a whole number, the atomic mass approximately equals the mass number.30
468836607Buffera chemical substance that resists changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions31
468836608Cohesionthe sticking together of molecules of the same kind, often by hydrogen bonds32
468836609Electrona subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.33
468836610Elementa substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical means34
468836611Hydrogen Bonda type of weak chemical bond formed when the partially positive hydrogen atom participating in a polar covalent bond in one moledule is attracted to the partially negative atom participating in a polar covalent bond in another molecule (or in another region of the same molecule).35
468836612Isotopeone of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number or neutrons36
468836613Moleculetwo or more atoms held together by covalent bonds37
468836614Nucleus(1) an atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons. (2) The genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell.38
468836615Polar Covalent Bonda covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.39
468836616Protona subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom40
468836617Salta compound resulting from the formation of ionic bonds; aka: ionic compound41
468836618Solventthe dissolving agent of a solution42
468836619Trace Elementan element that is essential for life but required in extremely minute amounts43
468836620Neutrona subatomic particle having no electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom44

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