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| 2804562853 | Detritivores | mainly bacteria and fungi, recycle rotting matter for essential chemical elements | 0 | |
| 2804562854 | Energy flow | enters an ecosystem as light and exits as heat | 1 | |
| 2804562855 | Gross primary production (GPP) | Total primary production in an ecosystem | 2 | |
| 2804562856 | Net primary production (NPP) | Is equal to GPP minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration | 3 | |
| 2804562857 | Consumers only have access to energy from this | Net primary production (NPP) | 4 | |
| 2804562858 | Light and Nutrients | Are important limits in controlling primary production in marine and freshwater ecosystems | 5 | |
| 2804562859 | What nutrients are limited in marine primary production? | Nitrogen and Phosphorus | 6 | |
| 2804562860 | eutrophication | a process where water bodies receive excess nutrients that stimulate excessive plant growth e.g.nitrates and phosphates, through fertilizers or sewage,into an aquatic system | 7 | |
| 2804562861 | Trophic efficiency | percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next | 8 | |
| 2804562862 | secondary production of an ecosystem | Is the amount of chemical energy in consumers' food that is converted to their own new biomass during a given period of time | 9 | |
| 2804562863 | Energy transfer between trophic levels | is inefficient, usually less than 20% efficient between levels | 10 | |
| 2804562864 | The trophic levels consist of | Primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers | 11 | |
| 2804562865 | Most biomass pyramids: | Show a sharp decrease of biomass produced at successively higher trophic levels (except phytoplankton vs zooplankton biomass) | 12 | |
| 2804562866 | Biomass | biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. It most often refers to plants or plant-derived materials | 13 | |
| 2804562867 | green world hypothesis | Terrestrial herbivores consume relatively little plant biomass because they are held in check by a variety of factors | 14 | |
| 2804562868 | A Factor that supports green world hypothesis that herbivores are limited in the amount of biomass they consume is: | Plants have defenses against herbivores e.g. unedible | 15 | |
| 2804562869 | Factors that support the green world hypothesis that herbivores are limited in the amount of biomass they consume are: | that Nutrients, not energy supply, usually limit herbivores, Abiotic factors limit herbivores, Intraspecific competition can limit herbivore numbers, Interspecific interactions check herbivore densities | 16 | |
| 2804562870 | Nutrient circuits that cycle matter through an ecosystem: | Involve both biotic and abiotic components and are often called biogeochemical cycles | 17 | |
| 2804562871 | These nutrients cycle on a local level | Less mobile elements, including phosphorous, potassium, and calcium | 18 | |
| 2804562872 | These nutrients cycle on a global level | Gaseous forms of carbon, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen | 19 | |
| 2804562873 | Detrivores | are decomposers that play a key role in the general pattern of chemical cycling | 20 | |
| 2804562874 | The main nutrient lost through agriculture | Nitrogen | 21 |
