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| 9395098714 | homosporous | produce one kind of spore; usually gives rise to a bisexual gametophyte | 0 | |
| 9395098715 | heterosporous | produces two kinds of spores: megasporangia and microsporangia | 1 | |
| 9395098716 | megasporangia | produce megaspores; give rise to female gametophytes | 2 | |
| 9395098717 | microsporangia | produce microspores; give rise to male gametophytes | 3 | |
| 9395098718 | integument | envelops and protects the megasporangium | 4 | |
| 9395098719 | ovule | megasporangium, megaspore, and integument | 5 | |
| 9395098720 | pollen grain | develops from microspore; consists of a male gametophyte enclosed within the pollen wall | 6 | |
| 9395098721 | sporopollenin | in the pollen wall; protects the pollen grain as it is transported by wind or by hitchhiking on an animal | 7 | |
| 9395098722 | pollination | the transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant that contains the ovules | 8 | |
| 9395098723 | seeded vascular plants | gymnosperms and angiosperms | 9 | |
| 9395098724 | angiosperms | seeded vascular plants, also have fruits (flowering plants) | 10 | |
| 9395098725 | gymnosperms | cone-bearing plants called conifers ( naked seed plants) | 11 | |
| 9395098726 | flower | unique angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction | 12 | |
| 9395098727 | sepals | base of the flower; usually are green and enclose the flower before it opens |  | 13 |
| 9395098728 | petals | interior to the sepals, aid in attracting pollinators |  | 14 |
| 9395098729 | stamens | produce microspores that develop into pollen grains containing male gametophytes; consists of filament and anthers |  | 15 |
| 9395098730 | filament | stalk; elevates the anther |  | 16 |
| 9395098731 | anther | where pollen is produced |  | 17 |
| 9395098732 | stigma | tip of the carpel; receives pollen | 18 | |
| 9395098733 | carpels | make megaspores (and therefore female gametophytes) |  | 19 |
| 9395098734 | style | leads from the stigma to a structure at the base of the carpel |  | 20 |
| 9395098735 | ovary | base of the carpel |  | 21 |
| 9395098736 | complete flowers | all four organs; stamen, carpel, petal, and sepal | 22 | |
| 9395098737 | incomplete flowers | lack one or more organs; missing a stamen, carpel, petal, or sepal | 23 | |
| 9395098738 | fruit | thickened ovary wall; ovary matures | 24 | |
| 9395098739 | monocot | one cotyledon | 25 | |
| 9395098740 | eudicot (dicots) | two cotyledon | 26 | |
| 9395098741 | gymnosperm diversity (4 phyla) | cycadophyta, ginkgophyta, gnetophyta, coniferophyta | 27 | |
| 9395098742 | cycadophyta | peaked in Mesoic (age of dinosaurs); over 75% of remaining species threatened | 28 | |
| 9395098743 | ginkgophyta | "Maiden-Hair tree"; has deciduous leaves and dioecious species | 29 | |
| 9395098744 | dioecious species | male and female components are in separate plants | 30 | |
| 9395098745 | gnetophyta | three separate genera (gnetum spp, welwitschia mirabilis, ephedra spp); share molecular similarities | 31 | |
| 9395098746 | coniferophyta | most species have woody cones and needle, evergreen leaves; (squoidendron giganteum, pinus longaerva, wollemia nobilis, tsuga canadensis, taxus brevifolia) | 32 | |
| 9395098747 | characteristics of monocots | veins usually parallel in leaf venation, vascular tissue scattered in stems | 33 | |
| 9395098748 | characteristics of eudicots | veins usually netlike in leaf venation; vascular tissues usually arranged in a ring of stems | 34 | |
| 9395098749 | seed | an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat | 35 | |
| 9395098750 | monoecious plants | have male and female reproductive structures on the same plant | 36 | |
| 9395098751 | dioecious plants | have male and female reproductive structures on different plants | 37 | |
| 9395098752 | inflorescences | cluster of flowers | 38 | |
| 9395098753 | generative cell | divides to form tow sperm | 39 | |
| 9395098754 | tube cell | produces a pollen tube | 40 | |
| 9395098755 | herbaceous plants | do not make wood (ex. grasses) | 41 | |
| 9395098756 | woody plants | make wood (ex. shrubs or trees) | 42 | |
| 9395098757 | annuals | complete their life cycle in a year of less | 43 | |
| 9395098758 | biennials | require two growing season (first year= grow , second year= reproduce) | 44 | |
| 9395098759 | perennials | live for many years | 45 | |
| 9395098760 | stems | any part of the plants that supports leaves or reproductive structures | 46 | |
| 9395098761 | leaves | specialized for photosynthesis | 47 | |
| 9395098762 | roots | functions: anchor plants to soil, absorb water and nutrients, and storage of food for future growth | 48 | |
| 9395098763 | 3 types of organs that plants have | stems, leaves, and roots | 49 | |
| 9395098764 | dermal tissue | outer protective covering | 50 | |
| 9395098765 | vascular tissue | transport of material between roots and shoot system | 51 | |
| 9395098766 | ground tissue | storage, photosynthesis, support | 52 | |
| 9395098767 | xylem | conveys water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots | 53 | |
| 9395098768 | phloem | transports sugars from where they are made to where they are needed (roots and site of growth) | 54 | |
| 9395098769 | stele | vascular tissue of a stem or root | 55 | |
| 9395098770 | cortex | ground tissue external to the vascular tissue | 56 | |
| 9395098771 | pith | ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue | 57 | |
| 9395098772 | node | site of leaf attachment of stem (leaf scars) | 58 | |
| 9395098773 | root cap | at growing tip of root, pushes its way through soil | 59 | |
| 9395098774 | meristem | beneath root cap, where root grows | 60 | |
| 9395098775 | root hair | increase surface area for absorption | 61 |
