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| 2173346935 | What is a macromolecule? | large and complex molecules that each have unique properties that aries from the arrangement of there atoms. It doesn't necessarily have repeating building blocks. | 0 | |
| 2204697364 | What is a Polymer? | A long molecule (macromolecule) that consists of many similar building blocks we call monomers |  | 1 |
| 2204757592 | What is a monomer? | repeating units of atoms that serve has the building blocks of polymers. They are linked together by covalent bonds. | 2 | |
| 2204699561 | List for four classes of macromolecules. | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. | 3 | |
| 2204769247 | What classes of macromolecules are polymers? | Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. | 4 | |
| 2204701700 | How are fats (lipids) different form the other three classes of macromolecules? | They are not polymers. | 5 | |
| 2204785060 | How are polymers synthesized? | Helped by enzymes. They are synthesized by a covalent bond by loss of a water molecule. They call this dehydration reaction. One side of the monomer releases an H will the other side provides HO. | 6 | |
| 2204858442 | How are polymers broken down? | By hydrolysis or the adding of a HO2 molecule. | 7 | |
| 2204992830 | What is a carbohydrate? | Sugars and polymers of sugars. They serve of the major fuel and raw building material for cells. |  | 8 |
| 2204995536 | What are monosaccharides? | CH2O H-C-HO Glucose is the most common. |  | 9 |
| 2205052383 | How are monosaccharides classified? | Number of carbons and location of carbonyl group. | 10 | |
| 2205257022 | what is a disaccharide and how is it bonded? | Its when two monosaccharides bond by a covalent bond called a glycosidic linkage. | 11 | |
| 2205289222 | What is a Polysaccharide and what does it do? | polymers of sugars, they are responsible for storage and structure. Macromolecule of carbohydrates. |  | 12 |
| 2205316087 | What is a starch? | Carbohydrate. Used for storage in plants | 13 | |
| 2205325417 | What is Glycogen? | Storage polysaccharide in animals. | 14 | |
| 2205328504 | What is cellulose? | Structural polysaccharide in plant cells. For the tough walls. | 15 | |
| 2205343980 | What are Lipids? | hydrophobic macromolecules that aren't polymers. They mix poorly in water. | 16 | |
| 2205356212 | Why do lipids mix poorly with water? | They consist mostly of hydrocarbons with form non-polar bonds. | 17 | |
| 2205359044 | What are the most biologically important lipids? | fats, phospholipids and steroids. | 18 | |
| 2205375502 | what are fats? | constructed from two types of smaller molecules: gycerol and fatty acids. | 19 | |
| 2205379716 | What is glycerol? | three carbon alochol with hydroxl group attached to each carbon. |  | 20 |
| 2205382822 | What is a fatty acid? | carboxl group attached to a long carbon skeletion |  | 21 |
| 2205415477 | What bond forms fats? | Ester linkage. This consists of three fatty acids joined (the same or all different) to a glycerol this forms a triacylglycerol. | 22 | |
| 2205427028 | What makes a fatty acid saturated? | maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds. Ex. Butter. Animal fat. | 23 | |
| 2205430093 | What makes a fatty acid unsaturated? | have one or more double bonds. Double bonding causes bending. Ex. Oils. Plant fat and fish fat. | 24 | |
| 2206245396 | How do you make unsaturated fats into saturated fats? | Hydrogenation, by adding hydrogen. | 25 | |
| 2206240177 | What are trans fats? | by hydrogenating vegetable oil. This creates trans double bonds. | 26 | |
| 2205809982 | What are fatty acids hydrated with? | Hydrogen | 27 | |
| 2205836446 | What is the main reason for fats? | energy storage | 28 | |
| 2205844540 | What are phospholipids? | two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol. Fatty acids trails are hydrophobic while the phosphate group head is hydrophilic. |  | 29 |
| 2206015281 | What are steroids? | Lipids with carbon skeleton and four fused rings. | 30 | |
| 2206117792 | Example steroid. | Cholesterol |  | 31 |
| 2206167312 | What are proteins? | Polymer with a wide range of structures and functions. They speed up chemical reaction, defense, storage, etc. Account for more than 50% of dry space within cell. | 32 | |
| 2206302092 | Name all types of proteins, and their function. | 1. Enzymatic- Acceleration of reactions. (digestive enzymes) 2. Defensive- Protect against disease (antibodies) 3. Storage- of amino acids (Casein) 4.Transport- of substances (Hemoglobin) 5.Hormonal- coordination of an organisms activities. (Insulin) 6.Receptor- Response to of cell to chemical stimuli 7.Contractile/Motor- movement 8.Structural- support (keratin) | 33 | |
| 2206355646 | What are polypeptides? | unbranched polymers built from amino acids. |  | 34 |
| 2206364419 | What makes up a protein? | Polypeptides | 35 | |
| 2206372874 | How are amino acids made up? | Amino+carboxyl group. They only differ in their properties because of the R groups (side Chains) | 36 | |
| 2206426986 | Non-Polar Side chains |  | 37 | |
| 2206432851 | Polar Side Chains |  | 38 | |
| 2206452962 | Acidic and Basic Side chains |  | 39 |
