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| 5412844818 | Organelle | A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |  | 0 |
| 5412844819 | Cytosol | A semifluid, jellylike substance inside all cells. |  | 1 |
| 5412844820 | Eukaryotic cell | A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists, plants, fungi, and animals. |  | 2 |
| 5412844821 | Prokaryotic Cell | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea. |  | 3 |
| 5412844822 | Nucleoid | A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. |  | 4 |
| 5412844823 | Capsule | A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some bacteria, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces. |  | 5 |
| 5412844824 | Cytoplasm | The interior of a cell. | | 6 |
| 5412844825 | Plasma membrane | A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells |  | 7 |
| 5412844826 | Nucleus | A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |  | 8 |
| 5412844827 | Nuclear envelope | A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell |  | 9 |
| 5412844828 | Nuclear lamina | A netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus. |  | 10 |
| 5412844829 | Chromosomes | Structures that carry the genetic information. |  | 11 |
| 5412844830 | Chromatin | The complex of DNA and proteins making up chromosomes. |  | 12 |
| 5412844831 | Nucleolus | A specialized structure in the nucleus, formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes |  | 13 |
| 5412844832 | Ribosomal RNA | A nucleic acid found in all living cells. Plays a role in transferring information from dNA to the protein-forming system of the cell. | 14 | |
| 5412844833 | Ribosomes | Complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein that carry out protein synthesis. |  | 15 |
| 5412844834 | Free ribosomes | Ribosomes suspended in the cytosol. |  | 16 |
| 5412844835 | Bound ribosomes | Ribosomes attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope. |  | 17 |
| 5412844836 | Endomembrane system | The collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles. |  | 18 |
| 5412844837 | Vesicle | A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell. |  | 19 |
| 5412844838 | Rough endoplasmic reticulum | An endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport are assembled. |  | 20 |
| 5412844839 | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down. |  | 21 |
| 5412844840 | Glycoproteins | A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates. |  | 22 |
| 5412844841 | Transport vesicle | Tiny sac-like structures that are in transit from one part of the cell to another. |  | 23 |
| 5412844842 | Golgi apparatus | A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell |  | 24 |
| 5412844843 | Lysosome | A membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that many eukaryotic cells use to digest macromolecules. |  | 25 |
| 5412844844 | Phagocytosis | A process which engulfs smaller organisms or food particles. |  | 26 |
| 5412844845 | Autophagy | A process in which cells recycle their own organic material through the use of hydrolytic enzymes. |  | 27 |
| 5412844846 | Vacuole | Large vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. |  | 28 |
| 5412844847 | Food vacuoles | A membrane sac formed by phacogytosis; pinches off of the plasma membrane and encloses a food particle |  | 29 |
| 5412844848 | Contractile vacuoles | A membranous sac that helps move excess water out of the cell. |  | 30 |
| 5412844849 | Central vacuole | A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes. |  | 31 |
| 5412844850 | Mitochondria | The sites of cellular respiration. |  | 32 |
| 5412844851 | Chloroplasts | The sites of photosynthesis. |  | 33 |
| 5412844852 | Endosymbiont theory | The theory that mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism. |  | 34 |
| 5412844853 | Cristae | Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP. |  | 35 |
| 5412844854 | Mitochondrial matrix | The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle. |  | 36 |
| 5412844855 | Thylakoid | A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy. |  | 37 |
| 5412844856 | Granum | A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast |  | 38 |
| 5412844857 | Stroma | In plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast. | | 39 |
| 5412844858 | Plastid | A group of membrane‐bound organelles commonly found in photosynthetic organisms and mainly responsible for the synthesis and storage of food. |  | 40 |
| 5412844859 | Peroxisome | A specialized metabolic compartment, bounded by a single membrane , containing enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms from various substrates and transfer them to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide. |  | 41 |
| 5412844860 | Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm. |  | 42 |
| 5412844861 | Microtubule | A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella. |  | 43 |
| 5412844862 | Microfilament | Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell |  | 44 |
| 5412844863 | Intermediate filaments | Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments |  | 45 |
| 5412844864 | Centrosome | A region in animal cells often located near the nucleus where microtubules grow from. |  | 46 |
| 5412844865 | Centrioles | Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only |  | 47 |
| 5412844866 | Flagella | A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. |  | 48 |
| 5412844867 | Cilia | Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion |  | 49 |
| 5412844868 | Cell Wall | An extracellular structure of plant cells that protects the plant cell, maintains its shape, and prevents excessive uptake of water. |  | 50 |
| 5412844869 | Primary cell wall | In plants, a relatively thin and flexible layer first secreted by a young cell. |  | 51 |
| 5412844870 | Middle lamella | A thin layer rick in sticky polysaccharides called pectins that glues adjacent cells together. | | 52 |
| 5412844871 | Secondary cell wall | In plants, a strong and durable matrix often deposited in several laminated layers for cell protection and support. | | 53 |
| 5412844872 | Extracellular Matrix | The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides. |  | 54 |
| 5412844873 | Collagen | A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers, found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom. |  | 55 |
| 5412844874 | Plasmodesmata | An open channel in the cell wall of plants through which strands of cytosol connect from adjacent cells |  | 56 |
| 5412844875 | Gap junctions | Structures between animal cells that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to an adjacent cell and are necessary for communication between cells in many types of tissues. |  | 57 |
