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| 7746175644 | Prokaryotes | Unicellular Organism that lacks membrane bound organelles | 0 | |
| 7746175645 | cell wall | a key feature of almost all prokaryotes | 1 | |
| 7746175646 | peptidoglycan | the polymer constructed from modified sugars that is found in most bacterial cell walls | 2 | |
| 7746175647 | gram stain | a categorization method that relies on differences in cell wall composition | 3 | |
| 7746175648 | gram-positive | simpler walls with large amounts of peptidoglycan | 4 | |
| 7746175649 | gram-negative | more complex walls, less peptidoglycan, outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides, often more toxic, more resistant to antibiotics | 5 | |
| 7746175650 | capsule | a sticky wall of polysaccharide or protein that surrounds the cell wall of many prokaryotes | 6 | |
| 7746175651 | slime layer | a capsule that is not well organized | 7 | |
| 7746175652 | endospore | under duress, a cell produces a copy of its chromosome and surrounds it with a tough, multilayered structure. When dehydrated, they can cease metabolism and resume it when conditions are more favorable. | 8 | |
| 7746175653 | fimbriae | hairlike appendages that stick some prokaryotes to a substrate | 9 | |
| 7746175654 | pili | appendages that pull two cells together before DNA transfer | 10 | |
| 7746175655 | taxis | a directed movement toward or away a stimulus | 11 | |
| 7746175656 | flagella | an appendage that allows taxis, analogous across prokaryotes and eukaryotes | 12 | |
| 7746175657 | exaptation | the process in which existing structures take on new functions through descent with modifications | 13 | |
| 7746175658 | nucleoid | a region of cytoplasm that is not enclosed by a membrane that contains the chromosome of a prokaryote | 14 | |
| 7746175659 | plasmids | rings of independently replicating DNA molecules that carry only a few genes | 15 | |
| 7746175660 | binary fission | a reproductive process in prokaryotes that consists of a cell dividing into two. | 16 | |
| 7746175661 | key features of prokaryotes | small, binary fission, short generation times | 17 | |
| 7746175662 | genetic recombination | the rearrangement of DNA from two different sources that result in increased genetic diversity. Accomplished by conjugation, transformation, and transduction | 18 | |
| 7746175663 | horizontal gene transfer | when genetic recombination occurs between members of different species | 19 | |
| 7746175664 | transformation | the genotype and possible phenotype of a prokaryotic cell is altered by the uptake of foreign DNA from its surroundings | 20 | |
| 7746175665 | Transduction | the transfer of prokaryotic genes from a host cell to another via a phage or virus. Sometimes results in increased genetic diversity | 21 | |
| 7746175666 | conjugation | two prokaryotic cells of usually the same species temporarily join and exchange genetic information. | 22 | |
| 7746175667 | F factor | f for fertility, the presence of a particular piece of DNA that allows conjugation. Can occur in a plasmid or in a chromosome. | 23 | |
| 7746175668 | R plasmids | plasmids that grant resistance to antibiotics to a cell | 24 | |
| 7746175669 | phototrophs | organisms that gain energy from light | 25 | |
| 7746175670 | chemotrophs | organisms that gain energy from chemicals | 26 | |
| 7746175671 | autotrophs | organisms that gain energy from carbon | 27 | |
| 7746175672 | heterotrophs | organisms that require at least one organic nutrient | 28 | |
| 7746175673 | obligate aerobes | must use O2 for cellular respiration | 29 | |
| 7746175674 | obligate anaerobes | are poisoned by O2 | 30 | |
| 7746175675 | anaerobic respiration | use substance other than O2 to accept electrons | 31 | |
| 7746175676 | Faculative anaerobes | can use O2 but can use other processes. | 32 | |
| 7746175677 | nitrogen fixation | the process of converting N2, atmospheric nitrogen, to Ammonia NH3 | 33 | |
| 7746175678 | heterocysts | cells in a community that carry out only nitrogen fixation while the rest carry out photosynthesis | 34 | |
| 7746175679 | biofilms | surface coating colonies of bacteria that secrete signaling molecules that allow the group to form an aggregate. | 35 | |
| 7746175680 | Archea | a domain that split off of bacteria due to fundamental DNA differences. Share some traits with Bacteria and some with eukaryotes | 36 | |
| 7746175681 | Alpha Proteobacteria | associated with symbiotic life cycles providing nitrogen fixation for plants | 37 | |
| 7746175682 | Beta Proteobacteria | associated with oxidizing ammonia to produce nitrate | 38 | |
| 7746175683 | Gamma Proteobacteria | associated for oxidizing H2S for energy | 39 | |
| 7746175684 | Delta Proteobacteria | associated with slime-secreting myxobacteria | 40 | |
| 7746175685 | Epsilon Proteobacteria | associated with pathogenic behavior | 41 | |
| 7746175686 | Chlamydias | gram-negative, lack peptidoglycan, parasitical | 42 | |
| 7746175687 | Spirochaetes | gram-negative, heterotophic, free-living or parasitical | 43 | |
| 7746175688 | Cyanobacteria | gram-negative, photoautotrophic, plantlike photosynthesis, some specialized nitrogen fixers, produce atmospheric O2 | 44 | |
| 7746175689 | Gram-Positive Bacteria | Stains purple. Thick peptidoglycan layer. Much smaller volume of periplasma than the other gram- bacteria. | 45 | |
| 7746175690 | extremophiles | organisms that can survive and thrive in extreme conditions | 46 | |
| 7746175691 | extreme halophiles | organisms that thrive in highly saline environments | 47 | |
| 7746175692 | Extreme thermophiles | organisms that thrive in very high temperature environments | 48 | |
| 7746175693 | methanogens | Organisms that produce methane as a byproduct of an energy yielding oxygen of CO2 with H2 | 49 | |
| 7746175694 | A comparison of the three domains of life |  | 50 | |
| 7746175695 | decomposers | organisms that break down dead organisms as well as waste products. | 51 | |
| 7746175696 | host | the larger of the symbiotic species | 52 | |
| 7746175697 | symbiont | the smaller of the symbiotic species | 53 | |
| 7746175698 | exotoxins | proteins secreted by bacteria that damage the host | 54 | |
| 7746175699 | endotoxins | part of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. only released when the bacteria die and the cell wall breaks down | 55 |
