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| 3898089516 | when there is enough oxygen reaching your cells to support their energy needs, ___________ is said to be ______________ | metabolism; aerobic | 0 | |
| 3898093726 | aerobic capacity | the maximum rate at which O2 can be taken in and used by your muscle cells (the most strenuous activity that your body can maintain aerobically) | 1 | |
| 3898112203 | photosynthesis | the process where plants convert the energy of sunlight to the chemical energy of sugars and other organic molecules | 2 | |
| 3898134744 | autotrophs | organisms that make all their own organic matter from nutrients that are completely inorganic; "self-feeders" | 3 | |
| 3898147666 | ____________, _____________, __________, & __________ are four examples of the organic matter made by autotrophs | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids | 4 | |
| 3898122580 | heterotrophs | organisms that cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones | 5 | |
| 3898159928 | heterotrophs get their food by _____________ in order to _______________ | eating organic material; get nutrients and provide energy for life's processes | 6 | |
| 3898168165 | producers | autotrophs | 7 | |
| 3898168166 | consumers | heterotrophs | 8 | |
| 3898179511 | when your muscle cells don't have sufficient O2 they _____________________ | switch to an "emergency mode" | 9 | |
| 3898184909 | when your muscle cells switch into "emergency mode" they __________________ | break down glucose very ineffectively and produce lactic acids as a by-product, causing impaired muscle activity | 10 | |
| 3898203318 | the chemical ingredients for photosynthesis are _____________ & ____________ | carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O) | 11 | |
| 3898212230 | carbon dioxide's role in photosynthesis | it is a gas that passes from the air into a plant via tiny pores | 12 | |
| 3898214374 | water's role in photosynthesis | it is absorbed from the soil by the plant's roots | 13 | |
| 3898219668 | chloroplasts | organelles inside leaf cells that use light energy to rearrange the atoms of CO2 and H2O to produce sugars | 14 | |
| 3898231499 | glucose | C6-H12-O6 | 15 | |
| 3898236423 | oxygen gas (O2) | a by-product of photosynthesis that is released through pores into the atmosphere | 16 | |
| 3898250417 | energy flows through the ecosystem by: | entering as sunlight and exiting as heat | 17 | |
| 3898260337 | cellular respiration is a(n) ________ process | aerobic | 18 | |
| 3898261646 | cellular respiration | the aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules | 19 | |
| 3898626208 | how breathing and cellular respiration are similar when it comes to O2? | when breathing, you inhale O2 and it is delivered to your cells where it is used in cellular respiration | 20 | |
| 3898637354 | how breathing and cellular respiration are similar when it comes to CO2? | CO2 is a waste product of cellular respiration and, when discarded, it diffuses from your cells to your blood and travels to your lungs, where it is exhaled | 21 | |
| 3898647553 | the "simple" name for glucose, which is a simple sugar, is ____________ | monosaccharide | 22 | |
| 3898657499 | __________, the _____________, & ____________ are the three main stages of the many chemical reactions that make up cellular respiration | glycolysis, citric acid cycle, & electron transport | 23 | |
| 3898665981 | glycolysis begins respiration by breaking down ____________ into two molecules of a __ -carbon molecule called __________ | glucose; 3; pyruvate | 24 | |
| 3898674836 | the enzymes for glycolysis are located in the __________ | cytoplasm | 25 | |
| 3898679656 | another name for the citric acid cycle is ____________ | the Krebs cycle | 26 | |
| 3898682016 | citric acid cycle | completes the breakdown of glucose all the way down to CO2, which is then released as a waste product | 27 | |
| 3898689497 | the enzymes for the citric acid cycle are dissolved in _______________ | the fluid within mitochondria | 28 | |
| 3898694569 | glycolysis and the citric acid cycle directly generate a _____________ | small amount of ATP | 29 | |
| 3911829170 | the net energy yield of the citric acid cycle per molecule of glucose | 2 ATP, 2 FADN^2, 6 NADH | 30 | |
| 3898703703 | glycolysis and the citric acid cycle generate a lot of ATP indirectly via _________________________________ | reactions that transfer electrons from fuel molecules to a molecule called NAD+ | 31 | |
| 3898714293 | NAD+ molecules are made by _______ from _________________ | cells; niacin (a B vitamin) | 32 | |
| 3898724970 | electron transport takes place in ___________ | the inner membrane of the mitochondria | 33 | |
| 3898728464 | electron transport | electrons captures from food by NADH in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are gradually stripped of their energy until they are finally combines with oxygen to make water | 34 | |
| 3898750288 | the main function of cellular respiration is to ________________________ | generate ATP for cellular work | 35 | |
| 3898753904 | the process of cellular respiration produces around ___ ATP molecules for _________________ | 32-34; each glucose molecule consumed | 36 | |
| 3898758842 | the electron transport is also known as the ____ and _________________ | ETC, oxidative phosphorylation | 37 | |
| 3911692387 | dehydrogenase | the enzyme that removes hydrogen from an organic molecule | 38 | |
| 3911703509 | dehydrogenase requires a coenzyme called __________ to _____________________ | NAD+ ; shuttle electrons | 39 | |
| 3911742191 | in glycolysis, two molecules of ATP are produced by _______________________ | substrate-phosphorilation | 40 | |
| 3911751687 | when substrate-phosphorilation in glycolysis occurs, ________________________________________ | an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP | 41 | |
| 3911765709 | the ATP from substrate-phosphorilation can be used immediately, but _____________ must be transported through the electron transport chain to generate additional ATP | NADH | 42 | |
| 3911774163 | oxidation | the loss of electrons | 43 | |
| 3911775763 | reduction | the gain of electrons | 44 | |
| 3911779189 | oxidation-reduction | the movement of electrons | 45 | |
| 3911780980 | oxidation-reduction is also known as __________________ | redox reaction | 46 | |
| 3911878002 | fermentation | an aerobic energy-generating process | 47 | |
| 3911883593 | fermentation takes advantage of ______________ | glycolysis | 48 | |
| 3911888291 | fermentation produces ______________________ | two ATP molecules | 49 | |
| 3911894024 | fermentation reduces _________________ | NAD+ to NADH | 50 | |
| 3911931592 | _____________, ____________, & _______________ are the three different categories of cellular poisons that affect cellular respiration | blocks the electron transport chain, inhibits ATP synthase, & makes the membrane leaky to hydrogen ions | 51 | |
| 3922497929 | net energy yield of the citric acid cycle per molecule of glucose | 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP | 52 | |
| 3922497930 | 1st step for pryuvate production | 2 NAD+ reduced to 2 molecules of NADH | 53 | |
| 3922497931 | 2nd step for pryuvate production | 2 molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-phosphorylation | 54 | |
| 3922497932 | for each starting molecule of glucose, 2 molecules of pryuvic acid go through what step | product per molecule of glucose is 2 molecules of CO2, 2 NADH, and two acetyl CoA | 55 | |
| 3922497933 | in the citric Aric cycle, the derivatives of the original glucose molecule are ________ | oxidized | 56 | |
| 3922497934 | on reaching the ETC, the electron carriers _____ and _____ are _______ by molecules in the chain | NADH, FADH2, oxidized | 57 | |
| 3922497935 | the last electron acceptor in the ECT is ______ | oxygen | 58 | |
| 3922497936 | the energy payoff of cellular respiration involves ____, ______, ____, and _______ | glycolysis, alteration of pryuvate, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation | 59 | |
| 3922497937 | the total yield of ATP molecules per glucose molecule has a maximum of | 38 | 60 | |
| 3922497938 | three sources of molecules for generation of ATP | carbs, proteins, and fats | 61 |
