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CASE STUDIES - ap psychology Flashcards

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5550867906The Little Albert ExperimentJohn Watson - demonstrated that one could condition a human to have an emotional response. Used baby Albert, showed white fluffy loud things.0
5550867907Pavlov and Conditioned Reflex TheoryIvan Pavlov - Played metronome same time as feeding dogs which cause them to salivate whenever they heard it.1
5550867908The Rorschach TestHermann Rorschach - showed subjects 10 inkblots and asked what they saw. (Interpretive Test)2
5550867909Defense MechanismsSigmund Freud - Claimed that the personality consisted of 3 components; ego, superego, the id. They all work together however when unbalanced, it can lead to free-floating anxiety.3
5550867910Skinner's Superstitious PigeonsB.F. Skinner - Caged with a dish, 8 pigeons and fed them at 15 second intervals for 7 days. Studied operant conditioning.4
5550867911REM Sleeping and DreamingWilliam Dement - volunteers were monitored while sleeping and awakened when in REM. (Rebound effect)5
5550867912Piaget and Object PermanenceJean Piaget - cognitive development - showed an infant an object, hid it, observed how the child reacted. (Object permanence)6
5550867913Asch on Group ConformitySoloman Asch - volunteers picked the obvious wrong line on purpose and the one who picked the right line conformed to the wrong answer.7
5550867914Harlow's Study of Contact ComfortHarry Harlow - monkeys were given human mothers and diapers. always attracted to mothers with the soft cloth which proved physical contact is important.8
5550867915The Origin of Form PerceptionRobert Fantz - studied the way infants stared by placing objects in front of them as they were drawn the human like features. Proved that infants were not born with a "blank slate."9
5550867916The Bobo ExperimentAlbert Bandura - Children were brought to observe aggressive adult behavior then told to go to a room with toys given. Those who witnessed aggression were aggressive to the toys.10
5550867917The Milgram ExperimentStanley Milgram - Fake electric shocks to people. If answer was wrong, told subject to shock the person. Authority causes humans to be susceptible.11
5550867918Internal and External ControlJulian Rotter - theorized that one trait of a person is internal locus of control or an external.12
5550867919Learning to feel HelplessMartin Seligman- subjects were dogs in harnesses. Could escape shock by moving head. Learned helplessness is one cause of mental illness.13
5550867920Facial Expressions and CulturePaul Ekman - showed subjects facial expression images and they all said the same emotion. Discovered expressions were universal.14
5550867921The Stanford Prison ExperimentPhilip Zimbardo - half prisoners, half guards, and had a mock imprisonment. Dramatic change occurred as 'guards' took their authority too seriously and abused prisoners.15
5550867922Identifying Mental Illnesses in a Mental HospitalDavid Rosenhan - 'patients' were admitted to the mental hospital for saying they heard noises. even with normal behavior, doctors treated them as if they had an illness. Assumptions.16
5550867923multiple intelligencehoward garner- established 8 signs to define intelligence. influenced educational systems.17
5550867924cultural values and human behaviorharry triandis- organized 3 studies; each competes questions that would study their attitudes.18
5550867925the minnesota twin studythomas bouchard- two different types of twins; rated and shared traits.19
5550867926law of effectedward thorndike- placed cat into a crate to get a fish on the outside.20
5550867927cognitive dissonanceleon festinger, carl smith- motivation is doing something (thoughts and actions should be the same) subjects asked to perform dull tasks $1 or $2021
5550867928short term retention of verbalpeterson, peterson- subjects asked to recall intervals of 3's. short term memory has a limited duration22
5550867929short term memory capacitymiller- shortterm memory can only hold 7 thoughts. (longer delay, less info rehersed)23
5550867930psychological emotional stateschachter, singer- the emotion/psychological effect happens at the same time (gave subjects "vitamins" misformed subjects did not experience symptoms.24
5550867931Split Brain ExperimentRoger Sperry - observed people with lesions in two specific areas on the left heimsphere as they lost their ability to talk.25
5550867932Autokinetic Effect ExperimentSherif - autokinect effect - small spot of light into a dark room (will appear to move but isn't). When tested people conformed to saying it was moving.26
5550867933Robber's CaveSherif - 22 boys taken to a camp learned to bond then put against each other as a competition.27
5550867934Sperling and Sensory MemorySperling - subjects briefly saw a set of 3,4,5,6,8,9, or 10 letters - immediately had to write the letters they saw.28
5550867935Sign TheoryEdward C. Tolman - emphasized the relationships between stimuli rather than stimulus response.29
5550867936Bystander Apathy ExperimentDarly and Latane - each subject allowed 2 min. to speak. One pre-recorded voice is that of an epileptic student. 31% seek for help30
5550867937Visual ClickGibson, Walk - To see how young you are when you understand and achieve independent movement - infant crawled across board then experimented if he would craw on the glass.31
5550867938John Garcia & Robert Koelling Taste Aversion ResearchGarcia, Koelling - A human who eats sushi for the first time and who happens to come down with an unrelated stomach virus or influenza may still develop a taste aversion to sushi.32
5550867939Classical ConditioningWagner, Scorla - mathematical model of classical conditioning and took principles.33
5550867940Concrete Operational StagePiaget - study of children in the concrete operational stage. Set out a row of counters in front of the child and asked him or her to make another row the same as the first one.34

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