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5762862730OsmosisDiffusion of water across a membrane through the lipid bilayer0
5762862731HypertonicHaving greater concentration of solute inside than the solution outside. Cell shrinks.1
5762862732HypotonicHaving a lower concentration of solute inside than the solution outside. Cell Expands.2
5762862733IsotonicHaving an equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell. Ideal (perfect) conditions. Cell remains normal.3
5762862734VacuoleStorage vesicle for water, food, wastes other substances. 1 large vacuole in plants, many small vacuoles in animals.4
5762862735NucleusControls all cell activities and protein production. Contains the DNA and nucleolus.5
5762862736Cytoplasm/CytosolCell liquid in which chemical reactions occur. Holds and cushions the organelles.6
5762862737MitochondriaConverts glucose into ATP (energy a cell can use) in the process of cellular respiration.7
5762862738Cell/Plasma/Lipid MembraneA double-layered lipid membrane that surrounds the cell. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell.8
5762862739Cell WallRigid external layer of a plant cell (cellulose), bacteria (glycoproteins), or fungi (chitin) that is outside the cell membrane.9
5762862740ChloroplastConverts light energy into glucose in the process of photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll giving plants their green color.10
5762862741Endoplasmic ReticulumPassageways where compounds are manufactured, processed, and transported.11
5762862742Golgi Apparatus/Body/ComplexCollects, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids made by the E.R.12
5762862743ProkaryoteUnicellular. Lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Has ribosomes.13
5762862744EukaryoteUnicellular or multicellular. Contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Has ribosomes.14
5762862745DiffusionThe movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.15
5762862746Equilibrium / HomeostasisA state of balance in which there is little or no total change.16
5762862747LysosomeContains digestive enzymes to breakdown food and wastes. Involved in apoptosis.17
5762862748NucleolusSynthesizes ribosomes. Found in the nucleus.18
5762862749VesicleSmall package of nutrients, proteins, wastes, or water created by the golgi.19
5762862808CellThe basic unit of all living things. The smallest unit of life.20
5762862809OrganismA complete living thing21
5762862810RibosomeSynthesizes proteins. Mostly found on the rough E.R. but can also be in the cytoplasm.22
5762862811TissueA collection of similar cells that perform a specific job.23
5762862812UnicellularMade of a single cell24
5762862813Light MicroscopeBasic microscope that uses light and mirrors to magnify small objects.25
5762862814SpecializationCells that do only one special job.26
5762862815Cell DivisionCell splitting into two new cells.27
5762862816Multi-cellularMade of more than one cell.28
5762862750Nuclear membrane/envelopeSurrounds the nucleolus and DNA. Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.29
5762862751ApoptosisProgrammed cell death/suicide (by lysozomes) when a cell can't repaired, has died, or may cause problems like cancer.30
5762862752Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumSynthesizes lipids for use in the cell membrane and other parts of the cell.31
5762862753Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumContains most of the cells ribosomes which synthesize proteins.32
5762862754SynthesizeTo make33
5762862755Organelle"Little organs" that make up the cell working together for the survival and function of the cell.34
5762862756Lack(s)Missing, does not have.35
5762862757UnicellularMade of 1 cell.36
5762862758Electron MicroscopeUses accelerated electrons to illuminate (light up) very small objects.37
5762862759Anton von LeeuwenhoekInventor of the first microscopes. 1600's.38
5762862760Robert HookeGave cells their name (cells). 1600's.39
5762862761Robert BrownDiscovered the importance of the cell nucleus. 1800's.40
5762862762Matthias SchleidenBotatnist (studied plants) who said all plants are made of cells.. Worked on cell theory with Dr. Schwann. 1800's.41
5762862763Theodore Schwann.Physiologist (studied animal cells) who said all animals are made of cells. Worked on cell theory with Dr. Schleiden. 1800's.42
5762862764Cell Theory1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms. 3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.43
5762862765CiliaSmall hairs on a cells surface that wave back and forth allowing the cell to move.44
5762862766FlagellaA whip-like structure on a cell that 'whips' back and forth allowing the cell to move (e.g. sperm cell).45
5762862767Pseudopod"False foot". An extension of the cell to 'pull' the cell forward (move) or pull an object to the cell.46
5762862768Active TransportMovement of particles from low to high concentration across the membrane that requires energy (ATP).47
5762862769Passive TransportMovement of particles from high to low concentration across the membrane (no energy needed).48
5762862770Facilitated DiffusionPassive transport through the membrane with the use of protein channels. Some channels are specific while others are not.49
5762862771CentrioleHelps align chromosomes during cell division (animal cells only).50
5762862772Microtubules/MicrofilamentsSmall, thin proteins that help support and give structure to a cell. A cells cytoskeleton.51
5762862773Cyto-Prefix meaning cell.52
5762862774Phospholipid MembraneCell membrane composed of phospholipids, proteins (transport), cholesterol, and aquaporins..53
5762862775PoreA small opening (hole) to allow materials to pass in and out of an area.54
5762862776PorousAllows materials to pass through.55
5762862777PassiveNo energy needed to allow material passage.56
5762862778AquaporinProtein channels in the cell membrane that allow for quick water passage.57
5762862779RegulateControl.58
5762862780HydrophilicAttracted to water.59
5762862781HydrophobicRepelled by water.60
5762862782ModifyChange / Convert61
5762862783Plant Cell1 large vacuole. Chloroplasts Cell wall (cellulose)62
5762862784Animal CellMany small vacuoles Cell membrane only Centrioles Lysosomes63
5762862785PhospholipidMakes up the cell membrane. Composed of a phosphate 'head' (hydrophilic) and 2 fatty acid 'tails' (hydrophobic).64
5762862786Semi-permeableAllows some materials (not all) to pass through.65
5762862787Selective permeabilityThe ability to decide which particles enter and leave a cell.66
5762862788External / Exo-Outside (e.g. exoskeleton of an insect)67
5762862789Internal / Endo-Inside (e.g. endoskeleton of humans)68
5762862790Macro-Large69
5762862791Micro-Small70
5762862792CholesterolStiff sterol lipid in the cell membrane that provides strength and rigidity.71
5762862793ConcentrationThe amount of dissolved solute in a solvent. Usually expressed as a percent.72
5762862794SolutionSolute + solvent73
5762862795SoluteParticles dissolved in a liquid (solvent)74
5762862796SolventA liquid particles (solute) are dissolved in75
5762862797PermeabilityHow well a substance can pass through something.76
5762862798[cyto]LysisCell bursting (exploding)77
5762862799PlasmolysisCell shrinking78
5762862800EndocytosisTaking things in from the surrounding environment by creating a vesicle.79
5762862801ExocytosisGetting rid of wastes into the surrounding environment by expelling a vesicle.80
5762862802PinocytosisTaking in water from the environment via endocytosis. Cell drinking.81
5762862803PhagocytosisTaking in food from the environment via endocytosis. Cell eating.82
5762862804Osmotic solutionThe solution outside a cell.83
5762862805Hyper-Above, over, a lot84
5762862806Hypo-Under, low, a few, a little85
5762862807Iso-Even, equal86
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