flashcards for Ch.1
Terms : Hide Images
| 80775762 | fieldwork | Geographers go out in the field and see what people are doing and they observe how peoples' actions and reactions vary across space | |
| 80775763 | human geography | how people make places, how we organize space and society, how we interact with each other in places and across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in our locality, region, and world | |
| 80775764 | globalization | set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders | |
| 80775765 | physical geography | The study of physical phenomena on Earth | |
| 80775766 | spatial | pertaining to space on the Earth's surface; sometimes used as a synonym for geographic | |
| 80775767 | spatial distribution | physical location of geographic phenomena across space | |
| 80775768 | pattern | the design of a spatial distribution (e.g. scattered or concentrated) | |
| 80775769 | medical geography | mapping the distribution of a disease is the first step to finding its cause | |
| 80775770 | pandemic | a worldwide outbreak of a disease | |
| 80775771 | epidemic | regional outbreak of a disease | |
| 80775772 | spatial perspective | observing variations in geographic phenomena across space | |
| 80775773 | five themes (of geography) | location, human-environment, region, place, and movement | |
| 80775774 | location | the geographical situation of people and things | |
| 80775775 | location theory | an element of contemporary human geography that seeks answers to a wide range of questions- some of them theoretical, others highly practical | |
| 80775776 | human-environment | reciprocal relationship between humans and environment | |
| 80775777 | region | an area on the Earth's surface marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual homogeneity of some phenomenon | |
| 80775778 | place | uniqueness of a location | |
| 80775779 | sense of place | state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character | |
| 80775780 | perception of place | belief of "understanding" about a place developed through books, movies, stores, or pictures | |
| 80775781 | movement | the mobility of people, goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet | |
| 80775782 | spatial interaction | a condition that exists when two regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other's demands | |
| 80775783 | distance | measurement of the physical space between two places | |
| 80775784 | accessibility | the degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations, it varies from place to place and can be measured | |
| 80775785 | connectivity | the degree of direct linkage between one particular location and other locations in a transport network | |
| 81201705 | landscape | the material character of a place, the complex of natural features, human structures, and other tangible objects that give a place a particular form | |
| 81201706 | cultural landscape | the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape | |
| 81201707 | sequent occupance | the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place or by labeling a place with a certain character | |
| 81201708 | cartography | the art and science of making maps | |
| 81201709 | reference maps | maps that show the locations of places and geographic features | |
| 81201710 | thematic maps | maps that tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon | |
| 81201711 | absolute locations | locations determined by a frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude | |
| 81201712 | global positioning system (GPS) | satellite-based system that allows us to locate things on the surface of the Earth with extraordinary accuracy | |
| 81201713 | geocaching | a hunt for a cache whose coordinates are placed on the Internet by other geocachers | |
| 81201714 | relative location | a place in relation to other human and physical features | |
| 81201715 | mental maps | image or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression, and knowledge of that space | |
| 81607096 | activity spaces | those places we travel to routinely in our rounds of daily activity | |
| 81607097 | generalized maps | a mean of annual precipitation received around the world | |
| 81607098 | generalize | to make general, not specific (dictionary definition) | |
| 81607099 | remote sensing | a method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study | |
| 81607100 | geographic information systems (GIS) | a collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user | |
| 81607101 | rescale | to involve players at other scales and create a global outcry of support for their position | |
| 81688041 | formal region | a desert basin that is marked by severe aridity, sandy surface, and steep surrounding mountain slopes | |
| 81688042 | functional region | the product of interactions, of movement of various kinds | |
| 81688043 | perceptual regions | intellectual constructs designed to help us understand the nature and distribution of phenomena in human geography | |
| 81688044 | culture | the music, literature, arts, and way of life of a society | |
| 81688045 | culture trait | a single attribute of culture | |
| 81688046 | culture complex | more than one culture exhibiting a particular culture trait, but each will consist of a discrete combinations of traits | |
| 81688047 | cultural hearth | an area where cultural traits develop and from which the cultural traits diffuse | |
| 81688048 | independent invention | a trait with many hearths that developed independent of each other | |
| 81688049 | culture diffusion | the process of dissemination, the spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth (source area) to other places | |
| 81688050 | time-distance decay | the declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source | |
| 81688051 | cultural barriers | cultures working against diffusion, certain innovations, ideas, or practices that are not acceptable or adoptable in particular cultures because of prevailing attitudes | |
| 81688052 | expansion diffusion | an innovation or idea develops in a hearth and remains strong there while also spreading outward | |
| 81688053 | contagious diffusion | a form of expansion diffusion in which nearly all adjacent individuals are affected | |
| 81688054 | hierarchical diffusion | a pattern in which the main channel of diffusion is some segment of those who are susceptible to (or adopting) what is being diffused | |
| 81688055 | stimulus diffusion | a form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place | |
| 81688056 | relocation diffusion | the actual movement of individuals who have already adopted the idea or innovation, and who carry it to a new, perhaps distant, locale, where they proceed to disseminate it | |
| 81688057 | geographic concepts | the boldfaced words in this chapter, such as relative location, mental map, sense of place, diffusion, and cultural landscape | |
| 81688058 | environmental determinism | the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development | |
| 81688059 | isotherms | lines connecting points of equal temperature values | |
| 81688060 | possibilism | geographic viewpoint that holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the crucial factor in cultural development | |
| 81688061 | ecology | an area of inquiry concerned with culture as a system of adaptation to environment | |
| 81688062 | political ecology | an area of inquiry fundamentally concerned with the environmental consequences of dominant political-economic arrangements and understandings |
