Terms : Hide Images
| 6766129917 | Cellular Macromolecules | All living things are made up of 3 classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids | 0 | |
| 6766141590 | Lipids vs other | All but lipids are polymers | 1 | |
| 6766148640 | Polymer | a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks | 2 | |
| 6766153129 | Monomer | the repeating units that serve as building blocks | 3 | |
| 6766160887 | Polymers- Carbohydrates (Polysaccharide) | Monomers- Monosaccharides | 4 | |
| 6766167616 | Polymers-Nucleic Acids | Monomers- Nucleotide | 5 | |
| 6766171471 | Polymers-Proteins | Monomers-Amino Acids | 6 | |
| 6766209507 | Dehydration | A chemical reaction in which 2 molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule | 7 | |
| 6766180551 | 1. Synthesis | building polymers -dehydration -covalent bonds between monomers -endergonic -enzyme catalyst | 8 | |
| 6766230005 | Between Monomers | Covalent bonds | 9 | |
| 6766232574 | Endergonic | requires energy | 10 | |
| 6766238202 | Enzyme Catalyst | a macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that speeds the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction -most are proteins | 11 | |
| 6766270738 | B. Breakdown | -hydrolysis -energy released ATP-ADP -digestion | 12 | |
| 6766285001 | Hydrolysis | a chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers | 13 | |
| 6766301532 | Digestion | the breaking down of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb | 14 | |
| 6766310220 | Macromolecules | proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates | 15 | |
| 6766322167 | Carbohydrates | sugars and starches | 16 | |
| 6766324805 | Functions of Carbs | structure, energy, storage | 17 | |
| 6766353035 | Monosaccharides | have a molecular formula that are multiple of the unit CH2O -glucose is most common | 18 | |
| 6766368202 | Glycosidic Linkages | joins 2 monosaccarides making a disaccharide (sucrose most common-table sugar) -it is a covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction | 19 | |
| 6766384134 | In Carbs | Shape matters | 20 | |
| 6776342605 | Sucrose- Carbs | made of glucose and fructose | 21 | |
| 6776346000 | Carbs- Alpha glucose | used to form polymer starch | 22 | |
| 6776347353 | Carbs- Beta glucose | used to form polymer cellulose | 23 | |
| 6776351271 | Chemical equilibrium | between linear and ring structures favors rings | 24 | |
| 6776356309 | Polysaccharides | the polymers of sugars, have storage and structural roles -their structure and function are determined | 25 | |
| 6776361663 | Disaccharides | Lactose Intolerance | 26 | |
| 6776363997 | Lipids | are the one class of large macromolecules that does not include the polymers -they mix poorly if at all with water -are hydrophobic b/c they consist mostly of hydrocarbons | 27 | |
| 6776375474 | Hydrocarbons | form covalent bonds | 28 | |
| 6776378351 | Most important lipids | fats, phospholipids, and steroids | 29 | |
| 6776387390 | Lipids-Uses | cell membranes, insulation (trap heat), cushioning organs, sufactants on lungs, hormones, energy storage: >2x carbs | 30 | |
| 6776397808 | Fats and Oils | gylcerol + 3 fatty acids (ester linkage triacylglycerol) -nonpolar covalent bonds (c-h) -single or double | 31 | |
| 6776408481 | Fatty acids | vary in length(number of carbons) and in the # and locations of double bonds | 32 | |
| 6776415632 | Saturated Fatty Acids | have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds - in animals for insulation -ex. butter, lard | 33 | |
| 6776421945 | Unsaturated Fatty Acids | have one or more double bonds ex. olive, fish, vegetable oil, plants and fish use it | 34 | |
| 6776427710 | Monosaturated | 1 double bond | 35 | |
| 6776429585 | Polysaturated | >1 bond | 36 | |
| 6776431392 | Trans Fat | unsaturated w/ trans-isomer fatty acids -no bends -hard to bond with -hydrogenation (more saturated) ex. margarine | 37 | |
| 6776444607 | Trans Fat Risk- Triglycerides | type of fat found in blood hardening of arteries | 38 | |
| 6776449606 | Trans Fat Risk- Lp(a) liprotein | Lp(a) is a type of LDL cholesterol, causes more inflammation | 39 | |
| 6776454788 | Phospholipids | glycerol + 2 fatty acids -3rd hydroxyl group -hydrophilic polar head -2 hydrophobic -bilayers -self assemble in presence of H2O | 40 | |
| 6776464168 | Steroids | 4 fused C rings + functional groups ex. cholesterol (synthesized in liver), estradiol, testosterone, pheromones | 41 | |
| 6776473843 | Proteins | -polypeptides - a biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides | 42 | |
| 6776478915 | Protein Uses | structure, storage, movement, immunity, enzymes, critical in every biological process | 43 | |
| 6776488343 | Enzymes | -most proteins are - control metabolism in a cell selectively facilitating chemical reactions -selective acceleration of chemical reactions ex. digestion | 44 | |
| 6776498993 | Proteins-Monomers | - amino acids - same base -side chain ("r" group) varies - physical and chemical properties determine characteristics= role polypeptide | 45 | |
| 6776517460 | Amino Acids | -9 non-polar AAs -6 polar AAs (moderately hydrophilic side chains) -Charged AAs (every hydrophilic side chains) | 46 | |
| 6776533055 | Protein Formation | -peptide bonds - this is a dehydration reaction between amine and carboxyl - joined one at a time to form proteins, using covalent linkages called peptide bonds | 47 | |
| 6776543613 | Protein Conformation (Structure)- 1 | -linear sequence of AAs -varies in: #, order, identity -b/c of chemistry of amino acid polymerization - always begin with amine and end with carboxyl -length, order, and identity of amino acid distinguishes 2 different proteins | 48 | |
| 6776561045 | 2nd Structure | -H bonding between peptide bonds -common shapes: alpha helixes, beta-pleated sheet -these structures arise b/c different peptide bonds can hydrogen bond to each other id oriented a certain way | 49 | |
| 6776576703 | 3rd structure | -3D structure determines protein function -interactions between R groups -controlled by 1st structure | 50 | |
| 6776587827 | 4th Structure | -only some proteins -2+polypeptides permanently bond together to form a functional unit | 51 | |
| 6776599357 | Denaturation | the loss of protein's native structure - denatured protein is biologically inactive and uncoiled -does not disrupt primary structure' ex. egg=permanent ex. warmed milk- can be cooled=temporary | 52 | |
| 6776607000 | Unraveling of Proteins | can be caused by pH, salt concentration, temp, or other environmental factors | 53 | |
| 6776620743 | Nucleic acids | the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance called a gene (consist of DNA, a nucleic acid made of monomers called nucleotides) | 54 | |
| 6776641101 | The Roles of Nucleic Acids | -DNA provides directions for its own replication -DNA directs synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), controls protein synthesis -gene expression, important because the flow of genetic info can be summarized as DNA-RNA-Protein | 55 | |
| 6776659333 | 2 Types of Nucleic Acids | DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid RNA- ribonucleic acid | 56 | |
| 6776664936 | Nucleotides | - N containing base -Phosphate - 5 Carb -nulceoside (nitrogenous base and sugars) | 57 | |
| 6776672376 | Bases | Cytosine, thymine, uracil, adenine, guanine | 58 | |
| 6776682815 | Pyrimidines | -6 member ring -cytosine, thymine, uracil | 59 | |
| 6776692897 | Purines | fused 5 and 6 member rings -adenine and guanine | 60 | |
| 6776698982 | DNA/RNA Synthesis | a DNA strand (or DNA molecule) is synthesized by bonding the phosphate of one nucleotide | 61 | |
| 6776708281 | Bonding the phosphate of one nucleotide for DNA/RNA synthesis | this covalent bonding results in a phosphodiester linkage and creates a repeating backbone of sugar-phosphate units, with the bases extended sideways | 62 | |
| 6776724468 | DNA strands held together by H bonds | - 2 purines will not form a base-pair -2 pyrimidines will not form a base pair | 63 | |
| 6776728769 | RNA | base-uracil sugar-ribose -single stranded -molecule usually shorter | 64 | |
| 6776733860 | DNA | base-thymine sugar-deoxyribose double strands | 65 |
