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| 142054338 | flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and power loom | invention that made weaving cloth easier and faster, an early spinning machine with multiple spindles, a loom operated mechanically | 0 | |
| 142054339 | James Watt | Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819) | 1 | |
| 142054340 | George Stephenson's Rocket | This was the name for the steam-powered locomotive created by George Stephenson that pulled carriages along iron rails. The railroad did not have to follow the course of a river. This meant that tracks could go places that rivers did not, allowing factory owners and merchants to ship goods swiftly and cheaply over land. | 2 | |
| 142054341 | Factory Act of 1833 | limited the factory workday for children between 9 and 13 to 8 hours and that of adolescents between 14 and 18 to 12 hours-made no effort to regulate hours of work for children at home or in small businesses-children under 9 were to be enrolled by schools to be established by factory owners-broke pattern of whole families working together in the factory because efficiency required standardized shifts for all workers | 3 | |
| 142054342 | the industrial middle class/ bourgeois | Wealthy middle class/ bourgeois: merchants, officials, lawyers, teachers, physicians, etc., a member of the middle class | 4 | |
| 142054343 | utopian socialism | socialism achieved by voluntary sacrifice | 5 | |
| 142054344 | the Congress of Vienna | Meeting between Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia after Napoleon's fall that had the goal of restoring order. | 6 | |
| 142054345 | Klemens von Metternich | This was Austria's foreign minister who wanted a balance of power in an international equilibrium of political and military forces that would discourage aggression | 7 | |
| 142054346 | "principle of legitimacy" | Metternich's want to restore legitimate monarchs and preserve traditional institutions | 8 | |
| 142054347 | conservation | the preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources | 9 | |
| 142054348 | Concert of Europe | a series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions | 10 | |
| 142054349 | political and economic liberalism | wanted a political structure that limited the excess power of the government, they wanted representitives from difrent parts of the country, they wanted a free econamy so that people were able to further themselves | 11 | |
| 142054350 | German Confederation | consisted of 38 sovereign states recognized by the Vienna settlement, and was dominated by Austria and Prussia (b/c of their size); the confederation had little power and needed the consent of all 38 states to take action. | 12 | |
| 142054351 | ministerial responsibility | the idea that the prime minister is responsible to the popularly elected executive body and not to the executive officer | 13 | |
| 142054352 | nationalism | love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it | 14 | |
| 142054353 | Louis-Philippe | King of France following Charles X. Abdicated the throne against threat of republican revolution (smelled his popularity was diminishing) | 15 | |
| 142054354 | 1848 Revolution | Government took over responsiblities of aiding the poor, disabled, and hurt workers from the church | 16 | |
| 142054355 | Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte/ Napoleon III | elected first president of France, then declared self emperor | 17 | |
| 142054356 | Frankfurt Assembly | 1807-82; personified the romantic revolutionary nationalism. Attempted to unify Germany. | 18 | |
| 142054357 | Austrian Empire | after the defeat of the Turks in 1687 Austria took control of all of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia, thus establishing the Austrian Empire in southeastern Europe. It remained a collection of territories held together by the Habsburg emperor, who was archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia, and king of Hungary. | 19 | |
| 142054358 | peninsular elites | a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages, people born in Spain and Portugal; held most important government jobs and most important positions in catholic church | 20 | |
| 142054359 | Father Hidalgo | spanish friar that led a rebellion in 1810 | 21 | |
| 142054360 | Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar | South American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile; protector of Peru, 1783-1830, Venezuelan statesman: leader of revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule. | 22 | |
| 142054361 | caudillos | Military dictator; gained control after independence movements | 23 | |
| 142054362 | Augustin de Iturbide | Becomes dictator of Mexico in 1821. In 1824, he is successfully overthrown by moderate Creoles and Mestizos, and Mexico gains independence as a Republic. | 24 | |
| 142054363 | Ottomon Empire | began to fall after West invaded end of the 18th century | 25 | |
| 142054364 | Crimean War | a war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia | 26 | |
| 142054365 | Piedmont | the plateau between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains: parts of Virginia and North and South Carolina and Georgia and Alabama | 27 | |
| 142054366 | Camillo di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi | The political mastermind behind all of Sardinia's unification plans, he succeeded in creating a Northern Italian nation state, Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882) | 28 | |
| 142054367 | Otto von Bismarck and Realpolitik | German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898), politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations | 29 | |
| 142054368 | battle of Koniggratz and Sedan | This battle in Bohemia resulted in a decisive Austrian defeat, ending the Austro-Prussian War., Final Battle of Franco-Prussian war; Napoleon III taken prisoner. | 30 | |
| 142054369 | Austro-Prussian War and Franco-Prussian War | 2 of the wars Prussia fought to unify Germany, also they had a war against Denmark. | 31 | |
| 142054370 | Second German Empire | William I was proclaimed emperor of this empire on January 18, 1871 | 32 | |
| 142054371 | Reform Act of 1832 | Increased suffrage; eliminated rotten and pocket boroughs | 33 | |
| 142054372 | Queen Victoria | queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901 (1819-1901) | 34 | |
| 142054373 | the Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich | regulated the relations between Austria and Hungary and established the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary | 35 | |
| 142054374 | Alexander II serf emancipation | Russian leader who did this to his serfs to help the Industrial Revolution | 36 | |
| 142054375 | Andrew Jackson and Jacksonian democracy | 7th president of the US, A policy of spreading more political power to more people. It was a "Common Man" theme. | 37 | |
| 142054376 | Abraham Lincoln, emancipation, and the American Civil War | 16th President of the United States, freeing someone from the control of another, civil war in the United States between the North and the South | 38 | |
| 142054377 | John Macdonald, the British North American Act and the Dominion of Canada | First prime minister of Canada, created the Dominion of Canada in 1867, stated the power of the 2 govs., outlined how gov. would be structured and guarenteed protection for minority groups, •Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean | 39 | |
| 142054378 | Romanticism | a movement in literature and art during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that celebrated nature rather than civilization | 40 | |
| 142054379 | William Wordsworth | a romantic English poet whose work was inspired by the Lake District where he spent most of his life (1770-1850) | 41 | |
| 142054380 | Casper David Friedrich and Eugene Delacroix | 1774-1840, German Romantic Artist: "Wanderer above the Sea of Fog", French romantic painter (1798-1863) | 42 | |
| 142054381 | Ludwig van Beethoven | German composer of instrumental music (especially symphonic and chamber music) | 43 | |
| 142054382 | Dimitri Mendeleyev and Louis Pasteur | classified the material elements in the periodic table, French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895) | 44 | |
| 142054383 | Michael Faraday | the English physicist nd chemist who discovered electromagnetic induction (1791-1867) | 45 | |
| 142054384 | Charles Darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) | 46 | |
| 142054385 | Realism | the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth | 47 | |
| 142054386 | Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary | This Frenchman was the leading novelist of the 1850s and 1860s. He perfected the realist novel. His Madame Bovary (1857) was a straightforward description of barren and sordid provincial life in France. Emma Bovary, a woman of some vitality, is trapped in a marriage to a dull provincial doctor. She seeks to live a more romantic life like those in novels, but unfulfilled, she is driven to commit suicide. This man's hatred of bourgeois society was evident in his portrayal of middle-class hypocrisy and smugness. Madame Boveray so offended French middle-class sensibilities that the author was prosecuted-unsuccessfully- for public obscenity. | 48 | |
| 142054387 | Gustave Courbet's The StoneBreakers | This man was the most famous artist of the Realist school. In fact, the word Realism was first coined in 1850 to describe one of his paintings. He reveled in a realistic portrayal of everyday life. His subjects were factory workers, peasants, and the wives of saloon keepers. "I have never seen either angels or goddesses, so I am not interested in painting them," he exclaimed. One of his famous works, The Stonebreakers, painted in 1849, shows two road workers breaking stones to build a road. This representation of human misery was a scandal to those who objected to his "cult of ugliness." To this man, no subject was too ordinary, too harsh, or too ugly to interest him. | 49 |
