Terms : Hide Images
| 233875063 | Corn or Maize | Staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations. | |
| 233875064 | Portugal | First European nation to send explorers around the west coast of Africa. | |
| 233875065 | Horse | Animal introduced by Europeans that changed Indian way of life on the Great Plains | |
| 233875066 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Treaty that secured Spanish title to lands in Americas by dividing them with Portugal. | |
| 233875067 | Mestizos | Person of mixed European and Indian ancestry. | |
| 233875068 | St. Augustine | Founded in 1565, it's the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in US territory | |
| 233875069 | Black Legend | Belief that the Spanish only killed, tortured, and stole in the Americas while doing nothing good | |
| 233875070 | Roanoke Island, NC | Colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580's. | |
| 233875071 | Joint-stock | Forerunner of the modern corporation that enabled investors to pool financial capital for colonial ventures. | |
| 233875072 | Charter | Royal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens. | |
| 233875073 | Indentured Servants | Penniless people obligated to forced labor for a fixed number of years, often in exchange for passage to the New World. | |
| 233875074 | Act of Toleration | Maryland statute of 1649 that granted religious freedom to all Christians, but not Jews and atheists. | |
| 233875075 | Squatters | Poor farmers in North Carolina and elsewhere who occupied land and raised crops without gaining legal title to the soil | |
| 233875076 | House of Burgesses | First representative government in New World. | |
| 233875077 | Ferdinand and Isabella | Financiers and beneficiaries of Columbus's voyages of discovery. | |
| 233875078 | Cortes | Conqueror of the Aztecs. | |
| 233875079 | Pizarro | Conqueror of the Incas. | |
| 233875080 | Dias and DaGama | Portuguese navigators who led early voyages of discovery. | |
| 233875081 | Columbus | Italian-born explorer who believed he arrived off the coast of Asia rather than on an unknown continent. | |
| 233875082 | Montezuma | Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors | |
| 233875083 | Elizabeth I | Unmarried English ruler who led England to national glory. | |
| 233875084 | Hiawatha | Legendary founder of the powerful Iroquois Confederation | |
| 233875085 | John Cabot | Italian-born explorer sent by the English to explore the coast of North America in 1498 | |
| 233875086 | Georgia | Founded as a refuge for debtors by philanthropists. | |
| 233875087 | North Carolina | Colony that was called "a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit". | |
| 233875088 | Smith and Rolfe | leaders who rescued Jamestown from the "starving time". | |
| 233875089 | Maryland | Founded as a haven for Roman Catholics. | |
| 233875090 | Lord Baltimore | Catholic aristocrat who sought to build a sanctuary for his fellow believers. | |
| 233875091 | South Carolina | Colony that turned to disease-resistant African-American slaves for labor in its extensive rice plantations. | |
| 233875092 | Raleigh and Gilbert | Elizabethan courtiers who failed in their attempts to found New World colonies. | |
| 233875093 | Jamestown | Riverbank site where Virginia Company settlers planted the first permanent English colony. | |
| 233875094 | Cause: The Great Ice Age | Effect: Exposure of a "land bridge" between Asia and North America. | |
| 233875095 | Cause: Cultivation of Maize (corn) | Effect: Formation of large, sophisticated civilizations in Mexico and South America | |
| 233875096 | Cause: New sailing technology and desire for spices | Effect: European voyages around Africa and across the Atlantic attempting to reach Asia. | |
| 233875097 | Cause: Portugal's creation of sugar plantations on Atlantic coastal islands | Effect: Rapid expansion of the African slave trade | |
| 233875098 | Cause: Columbus's first encounter with the New World | Effect: A global exchange of animals, plants, and diseases. | |
| 233875099 | Cause: Native Americans' lack of immunity to various diseases | Effect: Decline of 90% in the New World Indian population | |
| 233875100 | Cause: Spanish conquest of larger quantities of New World gold and silver | Effect: Rapid expansion of global economic commerce and manufacturing. | |
| 233875101 | Cause: Aztec legends of a returning god, Quetzalcoatl | Effect: Cortes' relatively easy conquest of the Aztecs. | |
| 233875102 | Cause: Spanish need to protect Mexico against French and English encroachment | Effect: Establishment of Spanish settlements in Florida and New Mexico | |
| 233875103 | Cause: Franciscan friars' desire to convert Pacific coast Indians to Catholicism | Effect: Formation of a chain of mission settlements in California. | |
| 233875104 | Cause: The English victory over the Spanish Armada | Effect: Enabled England to gain control of the North Atlantic sea-lanes. | |
| 233875105 | Cause: The English law of primogeniture | Effect: Led many younger sons of the gentry to seek their fortunes in exploration and colonization. | |
| 233875106 | Cause: The enclosing of English pastures and crop land | Effect: Forced numerous laborers off the land and sent them looking for opportunities elsewhere. | |
| 233875107 | Cause: Lord DeLa Warr's use of brutal "Irish tactics" in Virginia | Effect: led to the two Anglo-Powhatan wars that virtually exterminated Virginia's Indian population. | |
| 233875108 | Cause: The English government's persecution of Roman Catholics | Effect: Led Lord Baltimore to establish Maryland. | |
| 233875109 | Cause: The slave codes of England's Barbados colony | Effect: Became the legal basis for slavery in North America. | |
| 233875110 | Cause: The introduction of tobacco | Effect: created the economic foundation for most of England's southern colonies. | |
| 233875111 | Cause: The flight of poor farmers and religious dissenters from planter run Virginia | Effect: Led to the founding of independent minded North Carolina. | |
| 233875112 | Cause: John Smith's stern leadership in Virginia | Effect: Whipped gold-hungry, nonworking colonists into line. | |
| 233875113 | Cause: Gorgia's unhealthy climate, restrictions on slavery, and vulnerability to Spanish attacks | Effect: Kept the buffer colony poor and largely unpopulated for a long time. |
