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| 48235386 | Marco Polo | Marco Polo and his brothers were sent on a mission by the Pope | 0 | |
| 48235387 | Otto I | established himself as Kingin Northern Germany, ventured into Italy to quell political disturbances, protect the church, and seek opportunities in the south. | 1 | |
| 48235388 | Pope John XII | proclaimed the Otto emperor in 962ce | 2 | |
| 48235389 | Pope Gregory VII | 1073-1085 ordered an end to the practice of lay investiture-the selection and installation of church officials by lay rulers such as the emperors | 3 | |
| 48235390 | Henry IV | 1056-1106, when he challenged the pope's policy , Gregory excommunicated him and released his subjects from their duty to obey him | 4 | |
| 48235391 | Frederick Barbarossa | "the red beard"- a vigorous and gallent man who reigned from 1152 to 1190. Had resorces to control Germany but the popes stopped him | 5 | |
| 48235392 | Hugh Capet | 987 he was elected King of France(he was only a minor nobel) after last of the Carolingians died | 6 | |
| 48235393 | Duke William of Normandy | 1066 invaded England and and ruled decendents of Angles, Saxons, and other Germans and introduced Norman principles of government and land tenure to England | 7 | |
| 48235394 | Elenor of Aquitaine | most celebrated women of her day(1122-1204) | 8 | |
| 48235395 | St. Dominic | founded orders of beggars and worked to pursuade heretics to return to the Roman Catholic Church | 9 | |
| 48235396 | St. Thomas Aquinas | combined Aristotle's rational power with the teachings of Christianity | 10 | |
| 48235397 | St Francis | founded orders of beggars and worked to pursuade heretics to return to the Roman Catholic Church | 11 | |
| 48235398 | Pope Innocent III | the church he went to called for military capmaign to destroy the Cathars | 12 | |
| 48235399 | Eric the Red | discovered Greenland and established colonies | 13 | |
| 48235400 | Leif Ericsson | son of Eric the Red, found Canada | 14 | |
| 48235401 | Robert Guiscard | carved out a state for himself in southern Italy | 15 | |
| 48235402 | Rodger Guiscard | Conqured Sicily, later established his authority thoughout the island | 16 | |
| 48235403 | Pope Urban II | launched the crusades in 1095, said, Christian knights to take up arms and seize the holy land | 17 | |
| 48235404 | Peter the Hermit | preacher, organized a ragtag army of poor knights and enthusiastic peasants including women and men and was not successful | 18 | |
| 48235405 | Saladin | recaptured Jerusalem, sealed Christianity in the Mediterranean | 19 | |
| 48235406 | Holy Roman Empire | thought Christian revival of the earlier Roman Empire | 20 | |
| 48235407 | Investiture Contest | either the Pope or the Emperor can dominate the other | 21 | |
| 48235408 | Capetian Dynasty | Ruled and fonded by Hugh Capet | 22 | |
| 48235409 | Normans | deccendants of Vikings, developers of English Monarchy | 23 | |
| 48235410 | Champagne Fairs | allowed merchants from all over Europe to compare exchanged goods | 24 | |
| 48235411 | Hanseatic League | well developed trade network | 25 | |
| 48235412 | Three Estates | Those who pray-cleargy of the Roman Catholic Church; those who fight- feudal nobles, the military estate; those who work- mostly peasants and serfs | 26 | |
| 48235413 | Chivalry | behavior and ethics for nobles | 27 | |
| 48235414 | Troubadours | drew inspiration from a long tradition of love poestry produced nearby Muslim Spain | 28 | |
| 48235415 | Guilds | group made by merchants and workers in arts, craft, and regulated the production of sale goods within their jurisdiction. | 29 | |
| 48235416 | Cathedral Schools | school, invited many well known scholars to teach | 30 | |
| 48235417 | Universities | transformed cathedral school | 31 | |
| 48235418 | Sacraments | holy rituals that bring blessing | 32 | |
| 48235419 | Saints | people who live perfect lives and think Gods are within them | 33 | |
| 48235420 | Relics | remiains of a holy person | 34 | |
| 48235421 | Pilgrimages | a trek to a holy area | 35 | |
| 48235422 | Waldensians | deprised the roman catholic clergy as immoral and corupt, and thet advocated modest and simple lives | 36 | |
| 48235423 | Cathars(Albigensians) | rejected roman catholic chruch, adopted the teachings of heretical groups in eastern Europe | 37 | |
| 48235424 | Vinland | vikings attempted to settle here but left because of few resources | 38 | |
| 48235425 | Teutonic Knights | took vows to fight against Muslims and Pagans | 39 | |
| 48235426 | Reconquista | the reconquest of spain | 40 | |
| 48235427 | Crusades | holy war | 41 |
