Terms on the Muslim Empires WHAP chapter
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| 154143932 | Ottomans | Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of Arab world | 0 | |
| 154143933 | vizier | Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 15th century often more powerful than sultan | 1 | |
| 154143934 | Red Heads | Name given to Safavid followers because of their distinctive red headgear | 2 | |
| 154143935 | Shah Abbas the Great | Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology | 3 | |
| 154143936 | Isfahan | Safavid capital under Abbas the Great; planned city laid out according to shah's plan; example of Safavid architecture | 4 | |
| 154143937 | Babur | Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530 | 5 | |
| 154143938 | Din-i-ilahi | Religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindus and Muslims in India, but failed | 6 | |
| 154143939 | Aurangzeb | Son and successor of Shah Jahan in Mughal India; determined to extend Mughal control over whole of subcontinent; wished to purify Islam of Hindu influences; incessant warfare exhausted empire despite military successes; died in 1707 | 7 | |
| 154143940 | Mehmed II | Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire | 8 | |
| 154143941 | Safavid dynasty | Originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722 | 9 | |
| 154143942 | Ismâ'il | Sufi commander who conquered city of Tabriz in 1501; first Safavid to be proclaimed shah or emperor | 10 | |
| 154143943 | imams | According to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from Ali | 11 | |
| 154143944 | Nadir Khan Afshar | Soldier-adventurer following fall of Safavid dynasty in 1722; proclaimed himself shah in 1736; established short-lived dynasty in reduced kingdom | 12 | |
| 154143945 | Humayan | Son and successor of Babur; expelled from India in 1540, but restored Mughal rule by 1556; died shortly thereafter | 13 | |
| 154143946 | Taj Mahal | Most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India; originally built as a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal | 14 | |
| 154143947 | Jahangir | Son of Akbar; the "Grasper of the World"; married Persian princess Nur Jahan who really controlled state affairs because he was a weak ruler; overthrown by his son Khusrau | 15 | |
| 154143948 | Janissaries | Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military service into political influence, particularly after 15th century | 16 | |
| 154143949 | Sail al-Din | Early 14th century Sufi mystic; began campaign to purify Islam; first member of Safavid dynasty | 17 | |
| 154143950 | Chaldiran | Site of battle between Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Safavids severely defeated by Ottomans; checked western advance of Safavid Empire | 18 | |
| 154143951 | mullahs | Local mosque officials and prayer leaders within the Safavid Empire; agents of Safavid religious campaign to convert all of population to Shi'ism | 19 | |
| 154143952 | Mughal dynasty | Empire; established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century | 20 | |
| 154143953 | Akbar | Son and successor of Humayan; oversaw building of military and administrative systems that became typical of Mughal rule in India; pursued policy of cooperation with Hindu princes; attempted to create new religion to bind Muslim and Hindu populations of India | 21 | |
| 154143954 | Nur Jahan | Wife of Jahangir; amassed power in court and created faction of male relatives who dominated Mughal empire during later years of Jahangir's reign | 22 | |
| 154143955 | Shah Jahan | Fifth Mughal emperor (1592-1666) of India during whose reign the finest monuments of Mogul architecture were built, including the Taj Mahal at Agra built as a tomb for his wife, Mumtaz Mahal; "Golden Age of the Mughals"; Muhgal Empire reached its zenith in prosperity and luxury during his reign | 23 |
