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Ch. 21 - The Progressive Era

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352340475Australian ballotsecret voting and the use of official ballots rather than party tickets
352340476Bureau of Reclamationfederal agency founded in 1902 providing public funds funds for irrigation projects in arid regions; played major role is development of West by construction dams, reservoirs, and irrigation systems, especially in the 1930s.
352340477Conservationthe efficient management and use of natural resources (grasslands, forests, rivers).
352340478Eighteenth Amendmentprohibited the manufacture or sale of alcohol in the US; ratified in 1919, repealed in 1933.
352340479Federal Reserve Actrevised banking and currency by extending limited government regulation through the creation of the Federal Reserve System; 1913.
352340480Federal Trade Commission (FTC)government agency founded in 1914 to provide regulatory oversight of business activity.
352340481Fundamentalistsreligious conservatives who believe in the literal accuracy and divine inspiration of the Bible; comes from series of pamphlets called The Fundamentals.
352340482Initiativeprocedure by which citizens can introduce a subject for legislation, usually through a petition signed by a specific number of voters.
352340483Muckrakingjournalism exposing economic, social, and political evils.
352340484New FreedomWilson's 1912 program for limited government intervention in the economy to restore competition by curtailing the restrictive influences of trusts and protective tariffs; provided opportunity for individual achievement.
352340485New NationalismTeddy Roosevelt's 1912 program calling for strong national government to foster, regulate, and protect businesses, industry, workers, and consumers.
352340486Niagara MovementAfrican American group formed in 1905 to promote racial integration, civil and political rights, and equal access to economic opportunity.
352340487Nineteenth Amendmentestablished women citizen's right to vote; 1920.
352340488Preservationprotecting forests, land, and other natural environment features from development or destruction.
352340489Progressive Eraperiod of 20th century before WWI when many groups sought to reshape America's government in response to pressures of industrialization and urbanization.
352340490Prohibitionban on production, transportation, and sale of liquor; achieved temporarily through state laws and 18th amendment.
352340491Recallprocess of removing an official from office by popular vote, usually after using petitions to call for such a vote.
352340492Referendumsubmission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct popular vote for approval or rejection.
352340493Seventeenth Amendmentestablished the direct popular election of US senators; 1913.
352340494Sixteenth Amendmentauthorized a federal income tax; 1913.
352340495Social Gospel movementeffort by leading Protestants to apply religious ethics to industrial conditions and thereby alleviate poverty, slums, and labor exploitation.
352340496Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act1913 reform law that lowered tariff rates and levied the first regular federal income tax.
352340497Wobbliespopular name for the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).

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