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| Contributed to the development of the skyscraper | ||
| Two Protestant clergymen who sought to apply the lessons of Christianity to the slums and factories. | ||
| Established Hull House. Condemned war as well as poverty. | ||
| Offered instruction in English, counseling to help immigrants deal with American big-city life, childcare services for working mothers, and cultural activities for neighborhood residents. | ||
| Established Henry Street Settlement in New York in 1893. | ||
| Center of women's activism and of social reform. | ||
| Lifelong battler for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers. | ||
| Antiforeigner organization created in 1887 that urged to vote against Roman Catholic candidates for office. | ||
| Church that suffered significantly from the population move to the cities, where many of their traditional doctrines and pastoral approaches seemed irrelevant. | ||
| Two churches that were gaining enormous strength from the New Immigration. | ||
| Preached that the true practice of Christianity heals sickness. Founded the Church of Christ, Scientist in 1879 | ||
| Taught and researched at Tuskegee Institute in 1896. He became an internationally famous agricultural chemist. | ||
| Helped to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1910. | ||
| Passed after the Southern states had seceded, provided a generous grant of the public lands to the states for support of education. | ||
| Extended the Morrill Act and provided federal funds for the establishment of agricultural experiment stations in connection with the land-grant colleges. | ||
| Founded in 1876, maintained the nation's first high-grade graduate school. | ||
| Made a large impact in psychology through his numerous writings. | ||
| Founded in 1897 from the donations of Andrew Carnegie. | ||
| This invention of 1885 increased the production of texts. | ||
| Leader in the techniques of sensationalism in St. Louis. | ||
| Built up a chain of newspapers beginning with the San Francisco Examiner in 1887. | ||
| Started the New York "Nation" newspaper | ||
| Influential newspaper that crusaded militantly for civil-service reform, honesty in government, and a moderate tariff. | ||
| Wrote the book Progress and Poverty in 1879. Believed that pressure of growing population on a fixed supply of land unjustifiably pushed up property values, showering unearned profits on owners of land. He supported a single tax. | ||
| Wrote the socialistic novel, Looking Backward | ||
| Novel in which it was claimed that the year 2000 contained nationalized big business to serve the public interest. | ||
| Short books that usually told of the wilds of the West. | ||
| Wrote the novel, Ben Hur: A Tale of the Christ, to combat Darwinism. | ||
| Puritan-driven New Englander who wrote more than 100 volumes of juvenile fiction involving New York newsboys in 1866. | ||
| Author of the West, writing in California of gold-rush stories. | ||
| The editor in chief of the prestigious Boston-based Atlantic Monthly. He wrote about ordinary people and about contemporary, and sometimes controversial, social themes. | ||
| Wrote about the unpleasant underside of life in urban, industrial America. | ||
| Wrote of the confrontation of innocent Americans with subtle Europeans. His novels frequently included women as the central characters, exploring their inner reactions to complex situations with a skill that marked him as a master of psychological realism. | ||
| Famous nature writer who turned to depicting a possible fascistic revolution in The Iron Heel. | ||
| Embraced the use of black dialect and folklore to capture the richness of southern black culture. | ||
| Victoria Woodhull wrote the periodical, Woodhull and Clafin's Weekly in 1872, which proclaimed her belief in free love. | ||
| Made a life-long war on the immoral. The Comstock Law censored "immoral" material from the public. | ||
| Called upon women to abandon their dependent status and contribute to the larger life of the community through productive involvement in the economy. | ||
| Helped to launch the black women's club movement, which led to the establishment of the National Association of Colored Women in 1896. | ||
| Two movements created in 1869 in response to increasing liquor consumption | ||
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